Athletic or other performance sensing systems

ABSTRACT

Articles of footwear and other devices include modules, e.g., for sensing physical and/or physiological characteristics associated with use of the footwear or other devices. Such devices include: (a) a housing, optionally an asymmetrical housing, for receiving an electronic module; (b) release mechanisms for removably mounting the module in the housing; and/or (c) activation/authentication systems for selectively activating the module. Additionally, methods of making articles of footwear or other structures that include such housings, electronic modules, release systems, activation systems, authentication systems, etc. are described. Performance sensing systems and methods of using the above devices for sensing performance characteristics also are described.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priorityfrom co-pending application Ser. No. 11/416,458, filed May 3, 2006,entitled “Athletic or Other Performance Sensing Systems.” The contentsof the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to footwear and other products thatinclude electronic modules, e.g., for sensing physical exertion orperformance parameters, and housings for holding such modules.Additionally, performance sensing systems and methods of using the abovedevices for sensing a user's performance also are described.

BACKGROUND

Footwear technology has evolved in recent years such that at least someexamples of modern footwear, including athletic footwear, may includevarious electronic components. For example, footwear systems are knownthat include devices for sensing and controlling the degree of impactforce attenuation provided by the article of footwear, based, forexample, on characteristics relating to the present and on-going use ofthe footwear. Other electronic systems and features associated withfootwear are also known.

SUMMARY

Various aspects of this invention relate to articles of footwear,foot-receiving devices, and/or other devices that include one or moreelectronic modules, e.g., for sensing characteristics of a physicalperformance (e.g., for measuring one or more physical or physiologicalparameters associated with an athletic or other performance), as well asto articles of footwear, foot-receiving devices, and/or other devicesthat include systems for mounting such electronic modules. More specificaspects of this invention relate to: (a) articles of footwear or otherstructures that include a housing defined therein for receivingelectronic modules of the types described above; (b) articles offootwear or other structures that include an asymmetrical housingdefined therein for receiving asymmetric electronic modules of the typesdescribed above; (c) articles of footwear or other structures thatinclude securing systems and/or release mechanisms for removablymounting electronic modules of the types described above (or otherdevices) with an article of footwear or other product; (d) articles offootwear or other structures that include activation systems forselectively activating electronic modules of the types described above;(e) articles of footwear or other structures that include authenticationsystems for selectively activating electronic modules of the typesdescribed above; and/or (f) universal receptacles or devices forreceiving electronic modules of the types described above (optionallywith any one or more of the additional features described above).

Additional aspects of this invention relate to methods of makingarticles of footwear, other foot-receiving devices, and/or otherstructures that include housings, electronic modules, securing systems,release systems, activation systems, authentication systems, etc. of thevarious types described above. Still additional aspects of thisinvention relate to performance sensing systems (or other physical orphysiological parameter measuring or sensing systems) that includeelectronic modules, articles of footwear, and/or other devices of thetypes described above, as well as to methods of making and using suchsystems (e.g., for measuring one or more physical or physiologicalparameters, optionally associated with a performance, for providing dataor other information to the athlete or other user before, during, and/orafter the performance, etc.).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of aspects of the present invention and atleast some features and advantages thereof may be acquired by referringto the following description and the accompanying drawings, in whichlike reference numbers indicate like features throughout, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which footwear productsand/or other features and aspects in accordance with examples of thisinvention may be used;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an example electronicmodule that may be used, e.g., for sensing physical or physiologicalcharacteristics or data, for example, associated with physical exertionor exercise or the like, in accordance with examples of this invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an example athleticperformance sensing system or other physical or physiological datameasuring or sensing system in accordance with examples of thisinvention;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example remote device that may be used to displayinformation to an athlete or other user during the course of aperformance, in accordance with examples of this invention;

FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate portions of example articles of footwearincluding an athletic performance sensing module or other device in afirst position in accordance with some examples of this invention;

FIGS. 6A through 6C illustrate portions of example articles of footwearincluding an athletic performance sensing module or other device in asecond position in accordance with some examples of this invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example procedure for forming a housing for anelectronic module or other device in an article of footwear;

FIG. 8 illustrates a portion of an example article of footwear includingan electronic athletic performance measuring module or other devicemounted therein;

FIGS. 9A through 9C illustrate various examples of modulating user feelof a housing for an electronic module or other element, optionallyincluding the module or other element mounted therein;

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate various asymmetric features of electronicmodules and housings therefor in accordance with some examples of thisinvention;

FIGS. 11A through 11C illustrate additional asymmetric features ofelectronic modules and housings therefor in accordance with someexamples of this invention;

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate a portion of an example article of footwearincluding an athletic performance sensing module or other device inanother mounting position in accordance with some examples of thisinvention;

FIG. 13 illustrates an example article of footwear including an athleticperformance sensing module or other device in an externally accessibleposition in accordance with some examples of this invention;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example article of footwear including an athleticperformance sensing module or other device engaged with a portion of anupper member in accordance with some examples of this invention;

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate various example features and structures forpower, antenna, and/or transmission/reception systems in accordance withsome examples of this invention;

FIGS. 16-19 illustrate various example features and structures foractivating, powering, and providing electrical communications with amodule mounted in a housing member;

FIGS. 20-24 illustrate various example features and structures forsecuring a module in a housing member and releasing a module from thesecuring system in accordance with examples of this invention;

FIGS. 25A through 26 illustrate various example features and structuresof activation, authentication, and/or data algorithm selection featuresof systems and methods according to examples of this invention; and

FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate various example features and structures for auniversal housing member that may be provided in accordance withexamples of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description of various examples of the presentinvention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form apart hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration variousstructures, embodiments, examples, and environments relating to aspectsof the present invention. It is to be understood that other structures,embodiments, examples, and environments may be utilized and structuraland functional modifications may be made to the various systems andmethods described herein without departing from the scope of the presentinvention.

The terms “performance” or “athletic performance,” as used herein, meanany type of physical exertion or activity. Such activities include, butare not necessarily limited to: workout routines; training exercises;time trials; formal competitions; informal workouts; etc. “Performances”also include activities by persons not involved in physical exertion oractivities for purposes of sport, such as children while playing, firstresponders, elderly or other assisted living and/or hospital patients,physical rehabilitation patients, and the like. The terms “athleticevent” or “event” may be used synonymously with “athletic performance”or “performance” in this specification.

“Physical data” or “physical parameters” relating to a “performance”corresponds to any data associated with or relating to any measurablecharacteristic relating to the performance. Such physical data orparameters include, but are not limited to: physiological data orparameters (described in more detail below); elapsed time; time of day;distance covered; number of steps taken; speed; acceleration; angularvelocity; angular acceleration; altitude; barometric pressure; gyroscopegenerated data; heading or directional data; ambient temperature data;ambient humidity data; wind direction data; wind speed data; globalpositioning satellite (“GPS”) based data; etc.

“Physiological data” or “physiological parameters” relating to a“performance” corresponds to any data associated with or relating to anymeasurable characteristic relating to a user's person or body. Suchphysiological data or parameters include, but are not limited to: heartrate; pulse rate; calories burned; calorie burn rate; METs; body weight;body temperature; blood pressure; electrocardiogram data; EEG data; etc.

“Shoes” or “articles of footwear,” as used herein, mean any type ofproduct worn on the feet, and these terms include, but are not limitedto: all types of shoes, boots, sneakers, sandals, thongs, flip-flops,mules, scuffs, slippers, sport-specific shoes (such as golf shoes,tennis shoes, running shoes, cross-training shoes, baseball cleats,soccer or football cleats, ski boots, etc.), and the like. “Footwear”may protect the feet from the environment and/or enhance a wearer'sperformance (e.g., physically, physiologically, medically, etc.). Asdescribed herein, however, aspects of the invention also may be usedand/or practiced in conjunction with any type of “foot-receivingdevice.” The term “foot-receiving device,” as used herein, includes anydevice into which a user places at least some portion of his or herfoot. In addition to all types of footwear (described above),foot-receiving devices include, but are not limited to: bindings andother devices for securing feet in snow skis, cross country skis, waterskis, snowboards, and the like; bindings, clips, or other devices forsecuring feet in pedals for use with bicycles, exercise equipment, andthe like; bindings, clips, or other devices for receiving feet duringplay of video games or other games; and the like.

I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the present invention relate generally to footwear and otherdevices including user performance sensing equipment. As shown in FIG.1, which generally illustrates an example of the invention and anexample environment in which aspects of the invention may be used, oneor more individual articles of footwear 100 (such as athletic footwear)may be equipped with electronic modules 102, such as performancemeasuring modules 102 or modules 102 for other purposes (e.g., RFIDtransmission/reception, radio or other audio/videotransmission/reception, GPS data transmission/reception etc.). Themodules 102 may include electronic devices for sensing and/or collectinginformation during a performance (e.g., during an athletic event orexercise or other performance), for providing information to thefootwear user or others (e.g., transmission devices, RFID devices,etc.), and/or for controlling another device (e.g., a footwear impactattenuation system, etc.). While any desired or suitable type(s) ofinformation may be sensed, provided to the user or others, and/orotherwise used or generated, more specific examples of the types ofinformation include: user traveling speed information; distance traveledinformation; step count information; elapsed time information; GPSinformation; altitude information; user physiological information;information derived from the GPS, speed, distance, step count, elapsedtime, physiological, or other information (e.g., warning information,route information, geographical information, etc.); RFID generatedinformation; and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the module 102may be used to control other devices or functions and/or to provide datato other devices, including devices present as part of the article offootwear, devices on the user's person, devices carried by the user,and/or devices at other locations, such as the impact-attenuationcharacteristics of active impact-attenuation elements included with thearticle of footwear, display devices, data receiving and processingdevices, etc.

As shown in the example of FIG. 1, as the user 104 moves, devicesprovided in the modules 102 mounted to or included in the footwear 100will measure, generate, or receive data relating to one or more physicalor physiological characteristics associated with the motion and/or withthe use of the footwear (e.g., like speed and/or distance information,GPS information, pulse rate, heart rate, and/or the type(s) ofinformation described above), and/or perform other desired functions. Ifdesired, at least some of the data may be stored in a memory (e.g., amemory included with the module 102, separately provided in the footwear100, provided with a peripheral or remote device, etc.), e.g., for lateruse and/or analysis, and/or it may be transmitted to the user or others,e.g., via wireless transmission devices 106 optionally included as partof the module 102 or the article of footwear 100. Optionally, ifdesired, the module 102 and/or the footwear 100 may include one or moremicroprocessors or other data processing systems or capabilities toenable processing of the data before transmitting the data or otherinformation to the user 104 or others.

The data or desired information may be conveyed to the user 104 orothers in any desired manner without departing from the invention, forexample, to a wireless receiver 108 provided with a display device 110carried by the user 104. Optionally, if desired, the display device 110may be equipped with a microprocessor or other data processing systemsor capabilities to enable initial processing of the raw data sent by themodule 102 or footwear 100, to enable further processing of data and/orinformation sent by the module 102 or footwear 100, to enable display ofdesired data, etc. As more specific examples, the display device 110 mayinclude various electronic devices and/or may be formed in any desiredconfiguration, such as portable, user carried devices, e.g., similar toand/or including functions of a watch, a stopwatch, a PDA type device, acellular telephone, an MP3 or other audio player, a head worn displaydevice, a pager type device, headphones or earphones, etc. Any type of“display device” also may be provided, such as audio devices, videodevices, audio/video devices, alpha-numeric displays, radios,televisions, etc., including small, portable, user-carriable versions ofsuch devices.

In light of this general example and general description of an exampleenvironment of use, various example aspects of the invention will bedescribed in more detail below, including various example featuresrelating to: the manner in which the module may be engaged with afootwear or other structure, the manner in which the module and/orelectronic devices included with it may be activated, the manner inwhich use of the module by a specific user or in a specific article offootwear or other device may be authenticated, the manner in which dataprocessing algorithms may be selected, the manner in which an electronicmodule may be secured and/or released from the article of footwear orother device, etc.

A. Footwear Including Interior Plastic Receptacle

One aspect of this invention relates to footwear (or otherfoot-receiving devices) that include a receptacle for holding anelectronic module used in performance sensing (e.g., for use in thevarious example systems described above in conjunction with FIG. 1). Anarticle of footwear (or other foot-receiving device product) inaccordance with at least some examples of this invention may include:(a) an upper member (or other foot-contacting member) at least partiallydefining a foot-receiving chamber; (b) a sole structure (or otherfoot-supporting member) engaged with the upper member, wherein the solestructure includes an exterior outsole surface (or otherground-contacting surface) and an impact-attenuating member (e.g., amidsole element, an insole element, a sock liner, a portion of anoutsole member, etc.) located between the outsole surface and thefoot-receiving chamber, wherein a major surface of theimpact-attenuating member has an opening or recess defined therein; and(c) a housing provided in the opening or recess, wherein the housingdefines a receptacle facing the foot-receiving chamber.

The receptacle defined by the housing is provided for containing aperformance sensing electronic module, such as a module 102 of thevarious types described above. In some more specific examples, theelectronic module may provide at least one of location, speed, ordistance information associated with use of the article of footwear. Thereceptacle, however, need not always contain an electronic module. Forexample, if desired, the article of footwear may be sold and/or wornwithout inclusion of an electronic module 102 in the receptacle. In suchinstances and/or environments, if desired, a fill element (e.g., anon-electronic blank sized and shaped to fit in the housing) may beprovided in the housing to at least partially fill the receptacle. Thefill element may be made from any desired material, including, forexample: a foam material; a rigid plastic, metal, or composite block ofmaterial; or other material. This fill material may be used, in at leastsome instances or in some environments, to at least partially fill thereceptacle and prevent an undesirable feel that may be present, e.g., ifthe empty receptacle is located at a position that would cause a strangefeel or discomfort to the wearer.

The electronic module, and/or optionally any desired fill material, maybe secured to the housing within the receptacle, optionally in aremovable or releasable manner, in any desired manner without departingfrom this invention. In some examples, a system may be provided toenable stable securing of the electronic module with the housing. Anydesired securing system may be used without departing from thisinvention, including, for example: a cover element engaged with at leastone of the impact-attenuating member or the housing that extends acrossthe receptacle (e.g., akin to a battery covering element in variouselectronic devices, such as handheld electronic games, cellulartelephones, cameras, remote controls, and the like); a retaining deviceengaged with at least one of the impact-attenuating member or thehousing that extends at least partially across the receptacle (e.g.,such as a restraining strap, bar, or the like); a fastener for holdingthe module in place with respect to the housing (e.g., a screw or otherthreaded engagement element, a hook-and-loop type fastener arrangement,a flexible plastic retaining arrangement of the types provided in manybattery receptacles for electronic games, etc.); a spring-loadedengagement system (e.g., such as spring biased balls or other membersthat fit into detent mechanisms (akin to those used in hydrauliccouplings), mechanisms of the types used to secure memory cards or othercards in electronic devices such as cellular telephones, digitalcameras, audio and/or video recording devices, and the like, etc.);adhesive based securing systems; etc. If desired, at least a portion ofthe securing system may directly engage at least a portion of theelectronic module or fill element, but this is not a requirement. Asstill another example, if desired, the securing system may include amember (as part of the housing and/or other portion of the footwearstructure) that extends into a recess, opening, groove, or discontinuitydefined in the electronic module and/or the electronic module mayinclude an extending member that extends into a recess, opening, groove,or discontinuity defined in the housing and/or other portion of thefootwear structure.

In at least some examples of footwear structures in accordance with thisinvention, the housing and the electronic module may be structured so asto be asymmetrical in at least one direction, e.g., such that theelectronic module will fit within the housing in a single orientation orin a limited number of orientations with respect to the housing. In atleast some examples, these elements may be asymmetrical in a directionextending from the foot-receiving chamber toward the outsole surface ofthe shoe, such that if the electronic module is not properly mounted(e.g., it is inverted) it will project into the foot-receiving chambercausing discomfort to the user and prompting him/her to correct themodule's orientation. Such arrangements can be particularly effective,for example, in situations where the housing is located in an arch,midfoot, or heel portion of the article of footwear. As additionalexamples, if desired, the housing and/or electronic modules may bedesigned such that their top and bottom perimeters are sized and/orshaped different from one another (e.g., with a top perimeter orcircumference larger than the bottom), such that the electronic moduleand housing will engage together in a limited and restricted number ofrelative orientations. In other structures, if desired, the electronicmodule may be designed to fit into the receptacle in at least twodifferent orientations, one orientation corresponding to an electronicmodule “ON” position and one orientation corresponding to an electronicmodule “OFF” position (e.g., changing acceptable orientations byrotating the module by 180 degrees). Such arrangements can be useful,for example, to break electrical connections and/or otherwise turn theelectronic module off when collection of data and/or transmission ofsignals is not desired, e.g., to save battery life, to preserve thelifetime of various components of the system, to disable transmissioncapability on airplanes, to prevent loss of the electronic module, etc.

The housing, electronic module, and/or receptacle need not be directlyexposed to the foot-receiving chamber of the article of footwear.Rather, if desired, a foot-contacting member may be provided to at leastpartially cover the housing, electronic module, and/or receptacle. Thisfoot-contacting member may constitute, for example, a conventionalinsole member, sock liner, bootie element, or the like for the articleof footwear. Additionally, if desired, this foot-contacting member mayinclude additional impact-attenuating material at the location of thehousing, electronic module, and receptacle, to help better mask ormodulate user feel and/or awareness of the housing, electronic module,and receptacle. Of course, the foot-contacting member may be readilymovable or removable with respect to the housing, if desired, to allowuser access to the housing, electronic module, and receptacle.

Articles of footwear according to at least some examples of thisinvention further may include features and structures that assist inperformance data collection and/or transmission aspects as describedabove in conjunction with FIG. 1. For example, an article of footwearaccording to at least some aspects of this invention may include anantenna system engaged with and/or formed as part of at least one of theupper member or the sole structure, e.g., to transmit data to anexternal or remote data processing system and/or display device. Theantenna system may be arranged to extend from the housing andoperatively couple with an electronic module engaged at least partiallywithin the housing to enable data transfer to/from the module.Alternatively, if desired, the antenna and/or transmission system may beincluded as part of the electronic module without departing from thisinvention, such that the footwear structure itself does not require anyelectrical contacts, data processing capabilities, and/or datatransmission/reception capabilities. Of course, any antenna and/ortransmission system and/or arrangement with respect to the electronicmodule and/or housing may be used without departing from this invention.

Another example of potential features and structures for articles offootwear according to this invention includes a power source engagedwith at least one of the upper member or the sole structure, e.g., toprovide power for operating the electronic device and/or thetransmission system (if any). In at least some examples, if desired, thepower source may be mounted with the article of footwear and include anelectrical contact or terminal located at or engaged with the housingsuch that the electronic module can receive power from the power sourcelocated independent of the electronic module. Alternatively, if desired,the electronic module may include its own power source (e.g., a battery)for operating its sensors and/or processing system, and the footwear mayinclude a separate power source (e.g., for operating a processingsystem, a transmission system, etc.). As still another example, ifdesired, a power source on board the electronic module may be used(e.g., via an electrical connection provided through the housing) toprovide power to a separate antenna and/or transmission system providedas part of the footwear structure. Of course, any power systemarrangement with respect to the antenna and/or transmission system, thehousing, and/or the electronic module may be used without departing fromthis invention.

As is conventional, footwear in accordance with aspects of thisinvention may be sold and used in pairs. In some examples, both shoes ofa pair may include similarly or differently located housings andelectronic module receptacles. In such arrangements, the electronicmodule may be selectively located in either shoe of the pair (one shoemay be better than the other in certain situations or for certainpurposes, for example, for data transmission purposes, e.g., dependingon whether the user-carried data processing system and/or display system(e.g., a watch or belt-mounted device including athletic performancedata processing and/or display capabilities) is carried on his/her rightor left side. In such arrangements, a fill element, e.g., of the varioustypes described above, may be provided in any receptacle that does notinclude an electronic module. As another example, if desired, differentelectronic modules may be provided in the two shoes, e.g., to measuredifferent physical or physiological parameters, to provide back-up orredundancy in the data capture, etc. In some instances or situations, ifdesired, fill elements may be provided in both shoes (e.g., whenmeasurements and/or data transmission are not desired, such as duringair travel, etc.; at sales locations (e.g., when electronic modules aresold or provided separate from the shoes, etc.); when not engaged inathletic or other performances where measurements are desired; topreserve battery, module, or other system component life; etc).

Of course, if desired, an individual article of footwear may includeplural electronic module mounting locations, e.g., in the form ofhousings of the types described above, located at multiple locations ona single shoe (e.g., in the interior, in the heel, in the arch ormidfoot area, on the shoe exterior, in the tongue area, on the uppermember, in the sole member, etc.). If desired, features of theconnection between the electronic module and its housing may be used bysystems and methods according to the invention for providing informationto the electronic module or other data processing system (e.g., as tothe type of shoe in which it is mounted, its location in the shoe,etc.). This information may be used for various purposes, such as fordata algorithm selection purposes (e.g., to determine the type ofphysical or physiological parameters to sense and/or display, todetermine the frequency of data update or measurement polling, etc.).Also, features of the connection between the electronic module and itshousing may tell the data processing system and/or electronic modulewhether it is mounted in the user's right shoe or left shoe, and thisinformation may be used for any desired purpose in systems and methodsin accordance with this invention (e.g., to selectively connect to oractivate one of a laterally or medially located antenna system for datatransmission/reception purposes, etc.).

Still additional aspects of this invention relate to physical and/orphysiological parameter sensing systems that use articles of footwearand electronic modules of the various types described above. Inaddition, such systems may include one or more of: an electronic moduleprovided in a housing in the article of footwear, wherein the electronicmodule provides data relating to at least one physical or physiologicalparameter associated with use of the article of footwear; a transmissionsystem (optionally a wireless transmission system) operatively coupledto the electronic module (e.g., included as part of the module, mountedin the shoe and electrically coupled to the module, etc.) fortransmitting data relating to the physical or physiological parameterassociated with use of the article of footwear; a processing system forreceiving the data relating to the physical or physiological parameterassociated with use of the article of footwear; a display device forreceiving information from the processing system and displayinginformation relating to the physical or physiological parameter; and/ora power source operatively connected to at least partially power theelectronic module, the transmission system, the processing system,and/or the display device. Of course, additional features, elements,components, and the like may be provided in such sensing systems withoutdeparting from this invention, such as module securing systems, modulerelease systems, activation systems, authentication systems, dataprocessing algorithm selection systems, etc.

Still additional features and aspects of this invention relate tomethods of making articles of footwear of the various types describedabove, as well as to methods of using articles of footwear andperformance sensing systems of the various types described above tosense one or more characteristics of performances.

B. Other Features and Arrangements for Performance Measuring ElectronicModules

At least some example aspects of this invention do not require theelectronic module receiving housing to be located in the footwearinterior as described above. Rather, the housing may be provided at awide variety of positions on an article of footwear without departingfrom this invention. Accordingly, additional aspects of this inventionrelate to articles of footwear that include: (a) an upper member atleast partially defining a foot-receiving chamber; (b) a sole structuredirectly or indirectly engaged with the upper member; and (c) a housingfor releasably receiving an electronic module, the housing directly orindirectly engaged with at least one of the upper member or the solestructure, wherein the housing defines a receptacle, and wherein anelectronic module receiving chamber of the receptacle is asymmetrical inat least one respect (e.g., such that an electronic module can fittherein in a single or limited number of orientations). The housing maybe provided at a wide variety of locations, accessible from the footwearinterior chamber or exterior to this chamber. As some more specificexamples, the housing may be provided: in a midsole portion of the solestructure, in a heel portion of the sole structure, between a midsolemember and an outsole member of the sole structure, at a medial postinglocation, between impact-attenuating column structures included as partof the sole structure, as part of the upper member (e.g., as part of atongue member, at the rear heel area, in a pocket defined in or on theupper member, etc.), as part of the sole structure (e.g., extending intoa portion of the sole structure, fitting into a pocket provided in or onthe sole structure, etc.), etc. The chamber of the housing may beaccessible from either or both of the article of footwear's interior orexterior. Articles of footwear according to these example aspects of theinvention further may include an antenna/data transmission system and/ora power supply, e.g., in the general manners described above.

The electronic module may be engaged with the article of footwear,optionally in a releasable manner, e.g., in any of the various mannersand/or using any of the various securing systems and/or releasingsystems described above. Additionally, as also described above, theelectronic module may be structured such that it will fit within thehousing in a single orientation with respect to the housing (andoptionally project out from the housing and/or prevent proper closing ofthe housing when improperly mounted). Alternatively, if desired, theelectronic module may be structured such that it will fit within thehousing in two or more different orientations, e.g., one orientationcorresponding to an electronic module “ON” position and one orientationcorresponding to an electronic module “OFF” position, as describedabove.

Still additional features of this aspect of the invention relate to apair of shoes, either or both of which may include one or more housingsfor releasably receiving an electronic module, as described above. Bothshoes of the pair may include similarly or differently located housings,and in such arrangements, one or more electronic modules may beselectively located in either shoe of the pair (as noted above, one shoemay be better positioned or situated than the other in certainsituations, for example, for data transmission/reception purposes, e.g.,depending on whether the user-carried data processing system and/ordisplay system (e.g., a watch or belt-mounted device includingperformance data processing and/or display capabilities) is carried onthe user's right or left side). Again, in such arrangements, anon-electronic fill element, e.g., of the various types described above,may be provided in any receptacle that does not include an electronicmodule. As another example, if desired, different electronic modules maybe provided in the two shoes, e.g., to measure different parameters, toprovide back-up or redundancy in the data capture, etc. In someinstances, if desired, fill elements may be provided in both shoes(e.g., when measurements and/or data transmission are not desired, suchas during air travel, etc.; at sales locations (e.g., when electronicmodules are sold or provided separate from the shoes, etc.); when notengaged in performances where measurements are desired; to preservebattery, module, or other system component life; etc.).

Of course, if desired, an individual shoe of the types described abovein accordance with this aspect of the invention may include pluralelectronic module mounting locations, e.g., in the form of housings ofthe types described above located at multiple locations on a single shoe(e.g., in the interior, in the heel, in the arch or midfoot area, on theshoe exterior, in the tongue area, etc.). The individual housings on asingle shoe may be the same or different. If desired, features of theconnection between the electronic module and its housing may be used bysystems and methods according to the invention for providing informationto the electronic module or other data processing system (e.g., as tothe type of shoe in which it is mounted, its location in the shoe,etc.). This information may be used for various purposes, such as fordata algorithm selection purposes (e.g., to determine the type ofphysical or physiological parameters to sense and/or display, todetermine the frequency of data update or measurement polling, etc.).Also, features of the connection between the electronic module and itshousing may tell the data processing system and/or electronic modulewhether it is mounted in the user's right shoe or left shoe, and thisinformation may be used for any desired purpose in systems and methodsin accordance with this invention (e.g., to determine whether to connectto and/or activate a laterally or medially oriented antenna device,etc.).

Still additional features relating to this aspect of the inventionrelate to physical or physiological parameter sensing systems that usearticles of footwear of the various types described above. Such systemsadditionally may include one or more of: an electronic module providedin the housing, wherein the electronic module provides data relating toat least one physical or physiological parameter associated with use ofthe article of footwear; a transmission system (optionally a wirelesstransmission system) operatively coupled to the electronic module (e.g.,included as part of the module, mounted in the shoe and electricallycoupled to the module, etc.) for transmitting data relating to thephysical or physiological parameter associated with use of the articleof footwear; a processing system for receiving the data relating to thephysical or physiological parameter associated with use of the articleof footwear; a display device for receiving information from theprocessing system and displaying information relating to the physical orphysiological parameter; a power source operatively connected to atleast partially power the electronic module, the transmission system,the processing system, and/or the display device; an electronic modulesecuring system; an electronic module release system; an activationsystem; an authentication system; a data processing algorithm selectionsystem; etc. Of course, additional features, elements, components, andthe like may be provided in such sensing systems without departing fromthis invention.

Still additional features relating to this aspect of the inventionrelate to methods of making articles of footwear of the various typesdescribed above, as well as methods of using articles of footwear andperformance sensing systems of the various types described above tosense physical parameters, physiological parameters, and/orperformances.

C. Features and Arrangements for Securing and Releasing PerformanceMeasuring Electronic Modules from Articles of Footwear or Other Devices

Additional aspects of this invention relate to engagement of anelectronic module for performance characteristic sensing with an articleof footwear. At least some examples of this aspect of the inventionrelate to an article of footwear that includes: (a) an upper member atleast partially defining a foot-receiving chamber; (b) a sole structuredirectly or indirectly engaged with the upper member; (c) a housing forreleasably receiving an electronic module, the housing directly orindirectly engaged with at least one of the upper member or the solestructure, wherein the housing defines an electronic module receivingchamber formed in or on at least one of the upper member or solestructure; and (d) a system for releasably securing an electronic modulewith the housing and/or in the chamber.

Any desired system for releasably securing the electronic module withinthe chamber of the housing may be used without departing from thisinvention. For example, this securing system may include one or moreretaining members (e.g., as part of the housing or other portion of theshoe structure) that extend into one or more openings, recesses,grooves, and/or discontinuities provided in the electronic modulestructure. As additional examples, the securing system may include acover element or a retaining device, optionally including a fastenerelement that engages with the housing or the electronic module, thatextends at least partially across the chamber or receptacle. Adhesivesand/or hook-and-loop type fastener arrangements also may be used toengage a cover or retaining element over the electronic module and/or todirectly engage the electronic module with the housing. The securingsystem may be mechanically activated or operated, electronicallyactivated or operated, and/or electromechanically activated and/oroperated.

In accordance with at least some examples of this aspect of theinvention, a release mechanism may be provided for releasing anelectronic module mounted in the chamber (e.g., to release theelectronic module from its secured engagement with the housing or thearticle of footwear). The release mechanism may be mechanically operatedor activated, electronically operated or activated, and/orelectromechanically operated or activated, and it may include a springmember, e.g., that biases the securing system and/or release system intoa module engaging or disengaging position, that helps push theelectronic module out of the housing, etc. As additional examples, therelease mechanism may include movable retaining elements thatengage/disengage the module in some manner and/or move the module intoor out of the housing in some manner.

Still further examples of articles of footwear and/or systems accordingto this aspect of the invention may include a tool for activating thesecuring system and/or its release mechanism. If desired, the tool maybe releasably engagable with the article of footwear, such as via afriction fit, retaining strap, cover member, detent or other retainingmechanism, or via other securing means. The releasing tool may beinternally or externally located with respect to the footwear'sfoot-receiving chamber and may be engaged with the upper member (e.g.,in a pocket provided in the tongue or other portion of the upper member,etc.) or with the sole structure (e.g., in a pocket or chamber definedin or between various portions of the sole member, etc.). In at leastsome examples, the tool may be constructed as the aglet for a shoe laceengaged with the article of footwear, e.g., that extends into an openingin the upper member or sole structure to provide access to the securingand/or release mechanisms and/or an activation system for suchmechanisms. As more specific examples, if desired, the housing for theelectronic module may be provided in the interior of an article offootwear, and the securing and/or release mechanisms (which may bemechanically, electronically, and/or electromechanically activatedand/or operated) may be accessed and activated by pushing the aglet of ashoe lace (or other tool) through an opening defined in theimpact-attenuating element of the shoe (e.g., the shoe midsole) and/orthrough an opening defined in an insole member or a sock liner. Ifdesired, the aglet, tool, and/or access openings therefor may have theirexterior surfaces shaped in any desired manner, e.g., to limit the shapeof a tool capable of accessing the securing and/or release mechanisms.As another alternative, if desired, the securing system and/or releasesystem may be included as part of the electronic module and/or may beactivated through use of a tool as described above, which may beinserted into an opening provided in the electronic module.

If desired, systems and methods according to this example aspect of theinvention (as well as the various aspects of the invention describedabove) further may include an electronic module activation system foractivating an electronic module when included in the chamber. Thisactivation system, in some examples, may constitute an ON/OFF switch. Ifdesired, the activation system may be located at a remote or not easilyaccessible position in the footwear structure, e.g., within the interiorof the sole structure, such that an activation tool of some sort may berequired to activate the electronic module. The activation system and/oractivation tool for that system may be located and utilized in thevarious manners described above for the release mechanism location andtool (e.g., by providing the activation system switch within the solestructure and activating it with a tool (such as an aglet or othernarrow key type element) that extends into corresponding openingsprovided in one or more of the sock liner, insole member, midsolemember, housing element, or the like. Alternatively, if desired, theactivation system may include a button on the module itself or anactivation system activated by a tool as described above through anopening defined in the module.

Of course, if desired, individual shoes of the types described above inaccordance with this aspect of the invention may include pluralelectronic module mounting locations, securing systems, releasemechanisms, activation systems, activation tools, release tools, and thelike, e.g., of the types described above, located at multiple locationson a single shoe. Also, either or both shoes of a single pair mayinclude these various systems and features without departing from thisinvention.

Still additional features relating to this aspect of the inventionrelate to physical and/or physiological parameter sensing systems thatuse articles of footwear of the various types described above inaccordance with this aspect of the invention. Additional featuresrelating to this aspect of the invention relate to methods of makingarticles of footwear of the various types described above, as well as tomethods of using articles of footwear and sensing systems of the varioustypes described above. Still additional features relating to this aspectof the invention relate to methods for securing electronic modules witharticles of footwear, activating electronic modules secured witharticles of footwear, and/or releasing electronic modules from a securedrelationship with an article of footwear using the various systems andmethods described above.

D. Features and Arrangements for Activating and/or AuthenticatingOperation of Performance Measuring Electronic Modules

This invention additionally relates to various structures and systemsfor activating and/or authenticating operation of a performanceparameter sensing module with a specific shoe. Such systems may include:(a) an upper member at least partially defining a foot-receivingchamber; (b) a sole structure directly or indirectly engaged with theupper member; (c) a housing for receiving an electronic module, thehousing engaged with at least one of the upper member or the solestructure, wherein the housing defines an electronic module receivingchamber formed in or provided on at least one of the upper member orsole structure; (d) an activation system for activating an electronicmodule with the chamber; and/or (e) an authentication system forreceiving input information (e.g., electronic data, sensor readings,detector signals, user entered input, etc.) and confirming authorizationfor use of an electronic module in the chamber based, at least in part,on the input information. The activation and/or authentication systemsfurther may include activation tools, e.g., of the various typesdescribed above (e.g., as an aglet for the shoe lace, as a separatemember releasably engagable with the upper member or the sole structure,as a separately carried member, etc.). The activation and/orauthentication systems or portions thereof may be provided at anydesired locations in the shoe structure, including in the variouslocations described above. Alternatively, if desired, at least portionsof the activation and/or authentication systems may be included in orwith the electronic module, and the tool may engage or interact with themodule. Additionally or alternatively, some or all of the activationsystem and/or authentication system may be provided as part of otherfeatures of the sensing systems, such as with a remote processingdevice, with a remote display device, etc.

As noted above, activation and/or authentication systems in accordancewith at least some examples of this invention may include a wide varietyof different structures, at a wide variety of different locations,including the various structures and locations described above. As stillfurther examples, the activation and/or authentication systems mayinclude one or more members extending from one or more walls of thehousing for extending into one or more openings, recesses, grooves, ordiscontinuities defined in the electronic module and/or one or moremembers extending from one or more walls of the electronic module intoone or more openings, recesses, grooves, or discontinuities defined inthe housing and/or footwear structure. As still additional examples, ifdesired, the activation and/or authentication systems may include one ormore members extending from a sock liner, insole element, bootie member,or the like that extend into one or more openings, recesses, grooves,and/or discontinuities defined in the electronic module. In at leastsome instances, use of the activation and/or authentication systems willresult in making an electrical connection, e.g., between a firstelectrical conductor provided with the module and a second electricalconductor provided with the housing and/or shoe structure, between theelectronic module and a power source optionally located external to theelectronic module, etc.

In at least some examples of this invention, the activation and/orauthentication systems may provide information to a data processingsystem associated with the electronic module (e.g., on board or incommunication with the electronic module). This information may include,for example, mounting location information (e.g., with respect to theshoe structure); shoe type information; right or left shoe mountinginformation, etc. This information may be used, at least in part, inselecting a data processing algorithm for use by the electronic module(e.g., to determine the type of physical and/or physiological parametersto measure, to determine the type of information data provided fordisplay, to determine characteristics of the data collection or display,etc.) and/or in selecting various components of the system to activateand/or utilize.

Of course, if desired, individual shoes of the types described above inaccordance with this aspect of the invention may include pluralelectronic module mounting locations, activation systems, authenticationsystems, activation tools, and the like, e.g., of the types describedabove, located at multiple locations on a single shoe. Also, either orboth shoes of a single pair may include these various systems andfeatures without departing from this invention.

Additional features relating to this aspect of the invention relate tophysical and/or physiological parameter sensing systems that usearticles of footwear of the various types described above. Stilladditional features relating to this aspect of the invention relate tomethods of making articles of footwear of the various types describedabove, as well as methods of using articles of footwear and performanceparameter sensing systems of the various types described above to senseone or more characteristics of a performance. Still additional featuresrelating to this aspect of the invention relate to methods foractivating electronic modules and/or authenticating use of electronicmodules secured with articles of footwear using the various systems andmethods described above.

E. Universal Receptacles for Performance Measuring Electronic Modules

Aspects of this invention further relate to other systems and/or devicesthat include receptacles for electronic modules for sensing one or morecharacteristics of performances of the various types described above.Performance sensing systems in accordance with this aspect of theinvention may include one or more of the following: (a) a housingdefining an electronic module receiving chamber, wherein the electronicmodule receiving chamber is asymmetrical in at least one respect (e.g.,sized and/or shaped so that the electronic module will fit therein in asingle or limited number of orientations); (b) an electronic modulereceived in the chamber, wherein the electronic module provides datarelating to at least one physical or physiological parameter associatedwith a performance, optionally wherein the electronic module isstructured such that it will fit into the housing in a single or limitednumber of orientations with respect to the housing; (c) a system forsecuring the electronic module in and/or releasing the module from thechamber; (d) a system for securing the housing to another object; (e) apower source for providing power to the electronic module; (f) a datatransmission system for transmitting data relating to the physical orphysiological parameters from the electronic module; (g) a dataprocessing system for receiving the data from the data transmissionsystem; (h) a display system for displaying data or information relatingto the performance; (i) an activation and/or authentication system; etc.

A wide variety of potential structures and arrangements of theseelements may be provided without departing from the invention. Forexample, the data transmission system may be engaged with the electronicmodule, engaged with the housing and operatively coupled with theelectronic module, or separate from the module and the housing.Additionally, at least some portion of the data processing system and/ordata processing capabilities of the system may be included as part ofthe electronic module, included as part of the housing, remote from thehousing and connected via the data transmission system (including awired or wireless connection, etc.), etc. If desired, at least someportions of the system, including the data processing system and/ordisplay system, may be sized, shaped, and/or weighted so as to becarried by a user of the performance sensing system, e.g., during anathletic or other performance being sensed, e.g., as a wrist mountedsystem, as a belt or clothing mounted system, as a shoe mounted system,etc.

Any desired system for securing the electronic module to and/orreleasing the electronic module from the housing may be used withoutdeparting from this invention, including the various systems describedabove. Also, any desired system and/or structures for securing thehousing to another object (including a person or a person's clothing)may be used without departing from this invention, including, forexample, a belt member, a band member, a shoe lace member, a clip orclasp member, an adhesive, a suction member, a fastener arrangement, andthe like.

Still additional features of this aspect of the invention relate tomethods for providing performance sensing systems and/or methods forusing performance sensing systems of the various types described above.

II. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION

While aspects of the invention generally have been described above, thefollowing provides more detailed, specific examples of systems, methods,and structures in accordance with the invention. Those skilled in theart should understand, of course, that the following descriptionconstitutes descriptions of examples of the invention and should not beconstrued as limiting the invention in any way. Moreover, in thedescription that follows, various connections are described betweenelements in overall structures. The reader should understand that theseconnections in general, and unless other specified, may be direct orindirect and that this specification is not intended to be limiting inthis respect.

A. Basic Example of an Overall System

As noted above, FIG. 1 generally illustrates an example environment inwhich systems and methods according to at least some examples of thisinvention may be used. In this example, the system includes one or morearticles of footwear 100 and an electronic module 102 engaged with thearticle of footwear 100 (or otherwise carried by the user 104). Theelectronic module 102 of this example system transmits data from thearticle of footwear 100 via data transmission system 106 to a remotesystem 110. In this illustrated example system, the data transmissionsystem 106 of the electronic module 102 communicates wirelessly with areceiver element 108 provided with the remote system 110.

The article of footwear 100 may be of any desired construction withoutdeparting from this invention. For example, the article of footwear 100may include an upper member engaged with a sole member in any desiredmanner, such as via stitching, adhesives, cements, mechanicalconnectors, fusing techniques, and the like, including in conventionalmanners known and used in the art. The article of footwear 100 may be ofany desired construction, made up of any desired materials, and mayinclude any desired type of closure system (such as laces, buckles,hook-and-look fasteners, magnetic closure systems, clamps, clasps, othermechanical connectors, retaining elements, and the like) or no closuresystem. In general, the article of footwear 100 may represent any ofmany conventional footwear structures, including athletic footwear typestructures and/or structures known and available in the art.

The electronic module 102 may be engaged with the article of footwear100 in any desired manner without departing from the invention. Forexample, the electronic module 102 may be integrally formed with thearticle of footwear 100 during manufacture such that the electronicmodule 102 is fully or partially concealed within the remainder of thestructure of the article of footwear 100. As another example, ifdesired, the electronic module 102 may fit into a pocket, slot, groove,housing, or other structure integrally formed in or on the article offootwear 100 (e.g., formed in or on the upper member or in or on anyportion of the sole member) such that the electronic module 102 may beremovably inserted into and/or otherwise attached with the article offootwear 100 and freely engagable with and/or detachable therefrom. Insome examples, the electronic module 102 may fit into a housing, slot,or pocket formed in a midsole or other portion of an article of footwear100, e.g., using any desired connection structure, such as structures ofthe types used for releasably securing battery compartment covers,memory cards, PCMCIA cards, and/or other devices with electronic orcomputer devices.

The electronic module 102 may include and/or operatively connect withone or more data transmission/reception elements 106 capable ofelectronic communication and data transfer with one or more remotedevices 110 (e.g., communication and data transfer with atransmission/reception element 108 provided with the remote device 110).Electronic communications in any form, using any desired data transferforms, formats, and/or protocols, may be used without departing fromthis invention. As examples, the data transmission/reception elements106 and/or 108 may communicate with one another in wired or wirelessmanners without departing from this invention. As some more specificexamples, the data transmission/reception elements 106 and/or 108 maycommunicate with one another via radio transmissions, cellular telephonetransmissions, infrared radiation transmissions, RFID transmissions, orthe like. Also, if desired, each of the data transmission/receptionsystems 106 and 108 and/or remote system 110 may be capable of bothsending and receiving data, to thereby enable two way communicationsbetween the electronic module 102 and the remote system 110 withoutdeparting from this invention (e.g., to allow data input to theelectronic module 102 and/or its various components or electroniccomponents of the footwear, if necessary or desired, for example reasonsto be explained in more detail below, etc.).

FIG. 2 includes a schematic diagram of an example electronic module 102including data transmission/reception capabilities that may be used inaccordance with at least some examples of this invention. While theexample structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the datatransmission/reception system 106 as integrated into the electronicmodule structure 102, those skilled in the art will appreciate (asdescribed in various examples below) that a separate component may beincluded as part of a footwear structure 100 or other structure for datatransmission/reception purposes and/or that the datatransmission/reception system 106 need not be entirely contained in asingle housing or a single package in all examples of the invention.Rather, if desired, various components or elements of the datatransmission/reception system 106 may be separate from one another, indifferent housings, on different boards, and/or separately engaged withthe article of footwear 100 or other device in a variety of differentmanners without departing from this invention. Various examples ofdifferent potential mounting structures are described in more detailbelow.

In the example of FIG. 2, the electronic component 102 includes a datatransmission/reception element 106 for transmitting data to and/orreceiving data from one or more remote systems (e.g., to/from remotesystem 110). The electronic component 102 of this example furtherincludes a processing system 202 (e.g., one or more microprocessors), amemory system 204, and a power supply 206 (e.g., a battery or otherpower source). A “sensor” 208 may be provided to sense or provide dataor information relating to a wide variety of different types ofparameters, such as physical or physiological data associated with useof the article of footwear 100 or the user, such as pedometer type speedand/or distance information, other speed and/or distance data sensorinformation, temperature, altitude, barometric pressure, humidity, GPSdata, accelerometer output or data, heart rate, pulse rate, bloodpressure, body temperature, EKG data, EEG data, etc., and this data maybe stored in memory 204 and/or made available, for example, fortransmission by the transmission/reception system 106 to some remotelocation or system. The sensor 208 may include an accelerometer, e.g.,for sensing direction changes during steps (for pedometer type speedand/or distance information), for sensing jump height, etc.

As additional examples, electronic modules, systems, and methods of thevarious types described above may be used for providing automatic impactattenuation control for articles of footwear. Such systems and methodsmay operate, for example, like those described in U.S. Pat. No.6,430,843, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0009913, andU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0177531, which describesystems and methods for actively and/or dynamically controlling theimpact attenuation characteristics of articles of footwear (U.S. Pat.No. 6,430,843, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0009913, andU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0177531 each are entirelyincorporated herein by reference). When used for providing speed and/ordistance type information, sensing units, algorithms, and/or systems ofthe types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,724,265, 5,955,667, 6,018,705,6,052,654, 6,876,947 and 6,882,955 may be used. These patents each areentirely incorporated herein by reference.

As further shown in FIG. 2, the electronic module 102 of this exampleincludes an activation system 210. The activation system 210 or portionsthereof may be engaged with the module 102 or with the article offootwear 100 (or other device) together with or separate from otherportions of the electronic module 102. The activation system 210 may beused for selectively activating the electronic module 102 and/or atleast some functions of the electronic module 102 (e.g., datatransmission/reception functions, etc.). A wide variety of differentactivation systems may be used without departing from this invention,and a variety of such systems will be described in more detail belowwith respect to various included figures.

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an overall example performancesensing system 300 in accordance with some examples of this invention.This system 300 includes an electronic module 102 of the type describedabove in conjunction with FIG. 2. As noted above, if desired, at leastsome portions of the illustrated module 102 (e.g., the activation system210, the transmission/reception system 106, etc.) actually may beprovided separate from the electronic module 102 (in which case, inputfrom these systems may be provided to module 102 in any desired manner,e.g., to processing system 202 via a wired or wireless connection, viapins or contact pads, etc.). The input from the activation system 210also may be provided in any desired form or format without departingfrom the invention. As some more specific examples, if desired, theactivation system 210 may include a simple button, switch, or otherinput source that simply provides an activation or deactivation signalto the processing system 202 and/or transmission/reception system 106 ofthe electronic module 102 (e.g., a logical “1” or “0”). If desired, inat least some examples according to this invention, the activationsystem 210 may constitute an external button or other device, optionallymounted on the article of footwear 100, the remote system 110, orotherwise carried by the user, such that a user can manually activatethe system or it can otherwise be activated (optionally automaticallyactivated when a user steps down, stomps, lands a jump, etc.), to inducethe electronic module 102 or its data transmitter/receiver 106 tooperate.

FIG. 3 further includes a schematic diagram illustrating various examplecomponents and features of a remote device 110, e.g., as shown inFIG. 1. This remote device 110 includes a transmitter/receiver element108 for transmitting data to and/or receiving data transmitted byelectronic module 102. The remote device 110, as illustrated in FIG. 3,may include its own processing system 302 (e.g., one or moremicroprocessors), memory system 304, and/or power supply 306.

The remote device 110 may be programmed and adapted to perform variousfunctions in accordance with examples of this invention. For example,the remote device 110 may include an audio, video, and/or alphanumericdisplay device 308 for displaying information, e.g., to the footwearuser or to a third party, wherein the displayed information may bebased, at least in part and in some instances, on the data transmittedby the electronic module 102. Additionally or alternatively, if desired,the remote device 110 may include a user input system 310, for receivinguser input, e.g., to enter or adjust settings, to control the functionsor settings of the remote system 110 or various components thereof,and/or to enter settings or control the functions of the electronicmodule 102 or the various components thereof (such as the activationsystem 210, the sensing system 208, etc.). Any desired type of inputsystem 310 may be provided without departing from the invention,including, for example, a keyboard input, a stylus type input, a voiceinput, a button type input, a soft keyboard, etc.

If desired, user input and/or other data or information accepted and/orgenerated by the remote system 110 may be transmitted back to theelectronic module 102, e.g., via data transmission/reception element108. Alternatively or additionally, if desired, user input or other dataor information generated by the remote system 110 may be sent to theelectronic module 102 and/or to one or more other systems (such asremote system 314) via input/output system 312 (e.g., a datatransmission line, a wireless transmission system, an internetconnection, etc.). The remote systems 314 may take on any desired formwithout departing from the invention, such as a computer or computingsystem, a remote display device, another data transmission system, orthe like. If desired, communication directly between the remote system314 and the electronic module 102 may be enabled (without the need topass through the intermediate remote device 110). Connections betweenremote system 110, remote system 314, and/or the electronic module 102may take on any desired form, such as wired or wireless connections, andthe data may be transferred in any desired form or format withoutdeparting from this invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a remote device 110 of the type thatmay be carried by an athlete or other user during the course of theperformance being sensed. In this illustrated example, the remote device110 includes the data transmitter/receiver element 108 as well asdisplay device 308 (including a video/alphanumeric display device 402and audio speaker 404) and user input device 310. The remote device 110further includes a band member 406, e.g., for attachment to a user'sclothing, body, or equipment. Of course, any desired type of system maybe provided for attaching this remote device 110 to another object, ifdesired, including bands of different types (e.g., various types ofwatch-type bands), chains or other neck engaging devices, clips, clamps,clasps, mechanical fasteners, and the like. Also, while any desired typeof information may be provided on display 402 and/or warning beeps oraudio information may be provided via audio element or speaker 404, inthis illustrated example, the video display device 402 provides a datatransmission/reception icon 408, a “traveled distance” display 410, an“elapsed time” display 412, a “warning” display 414 (which may obtaindata or information from GPS, map data, communication from remote system314, etc.), and a battery life indicator 416. Of course, otherinformation, changing information, and/or combinations of differenttypes of information may be provided without departing from thisinvention. Additionally or alternatively, if desired, the remote device110 may include one or more buttons (hard or soft buttons, such as inputdevice 310) or other input elements that allow user selection of variousdifferent types of information for display and/or forms, formats, ormanners of displaying such information.

Given the above description of various example elements of an overallperformance sensing system, a more detail description follows of variousexample footwear structures and other structures and components that maybe used in performance sensing systems.

B. Footwear Structures with Electronic Module Receptacles

While there are many ways that a user 104 can carry a physical orphysiological measuring electronic module or other module 102 in thesystems and methods illustrated by FIGS. 1-4, in at least some examplesof this invention, the electronic module 102 will be mounted and carriedin or on an article of footwear 100. In this manner, the electronicmodule 102 can be carried easily by the user 104, in many instanceswithout the user really feeling or noticing its presence. Moreover, thesize, shape, and mounting of the module 102 may be selected such thatthe presence of the module 102 has little or no adverse effect on theperformance. A wide variety of footwear or other structures 100 may beused to hold an electronic module 102 without departing from thisinvention.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a partial view of one example of an articleof footwear 500 that may be used in accordance with at least someexamples of this invention. As shown, the article of footwear 500includes a sole structure 502 engaged with an upper member 504. Anydesired materials and construction of the upper member 504 and solestructure 502 may be used without departing from this invention,including conventional materials and constructions that are known andused in the art. In this illustrated example, as is common with athleticfootwear, the sole structure 502 includes an outsole member 502 a (e.g.,for directly contacting the ground and providing traction, e.g., made ofrubber, polymers, leather, combinations thereof, etc.), animpact-attenuating midsole member 502 b (e.g., for attenuating ground orother contact surface impact forces, e.g., made from polyurethane foam,ethylvinylacetate, phylon, phylite, or the like), and acomfort-enhancing insole member, sock liner, or bootie element 502 c. Ofcourse, the various portions of the sole member 502 and the upper member504 may be constructed from any desired number of pieces or parts, andthese members, pieces, and/or parts may be engaged with one another inany desired manner, such as via cements, adhesives, stitching,mechanical connectors, and the like. Additionally, any desired closuresystem to help hold the article of footwear 500 on a wearer's foot maybe used without departing from this invention, including, for example,laces, buckles, straps, hook-and-loop fasteners, mechanical fasteners,expandable elastic elements, and the like.

FIG. 5A illustrates a top-down view of the midsole element 502 baccording to this example of the invention. As shown in this figure, aswell as in FIG. 5B, the midsole element 502 b of this example structure500 includes a hole into which a housing member 506 for receiving anelectronic module is fit. The housing 506 in this example structure 500is located in the middle arch or midfoot region of the article offootwear 500. While the housing 506 may be located in a variety ofpositions without departing from the invention, preferably it will beprovided at a position and orientation and/or otherwise structured so asto avoid or minimize contact with and/or irritation of the wearer'sfoot, e.g., as the wearer steps down in and/or otherwise uses thearticle of footwear 500 (e.g., for an athletic performance).

Other features of the footwear structure 500 may help reduce or avoidcontact between the wearer's foot and the housing 506 (or an elementreceived in the housing 506) and improve the overall comfort of thefootwear structure 500. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, theinsole member, sock liner, or bootie element 502 c of the article offootwear 500 may fit over and at least partially cover the housing 506,thereby providing a layer of padding between the wearer's foot and thehousing 506. Additional features for reducing contact between andmodulating any undesired feel of the housing 506 at the wearer's footwill be described in more detail below, e.g., with reference to FIGS. 9Athrough 9C. This footwear interior housing arrangement is advantageousbecause the insole member 502 c and the wearer's foot can reliably holdan electronic module or other object in the housing 506 during storageand/or use of the article of footwear 500, but access to the housing 506remains readily available, e.g., for module or other element insertion,removal, exchange, etc.

Housing members for electronic modules also may be provided as part ofan insole member, sock liner, or interior footwear bootie memberstructure without departing from this invention. FIG. 5C illustrates apartial view of an example of such an article of footwear 520. Whilesimilar to the structure 500 illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B (and similarparts are labeled using the same reference numbers), in this illustratedexample structure 520 of FIG. 5C, the sole structure 522 differssomewhat from that shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. More specifically, in thisexample sole structure 522, the housing member 526 is provided (e.g.,attached to, integrally formed as part of, etc.) as part of the insolemember, sock liner, or bootie member structure 522 c rather than as partof the midsole member 522 b. While a wide variety of constructions arepossible, in this illustrated example, the opening of the housing member526 is located at the insole member, sock liner, or bootie member 522 cbottom surface (i.e., adjacent the midsole member 522 b). In this mannerand with this illustrated structure 520, some portion of the insolemember, sock liner, or bootie member structure 522 c may remain betweenthe user's foot and the housing member 526 to thereby modulate the feelof the housing member 526 at the user's foot. Access to the housingmember 526 may be provided in a variety of ways, for example, by liftingthe insole member, sock liner, or bootie member structure 522 c awayfrom the midsole structure 522 b to expose its underside, by providingan access opening through the insole member, sock liner, or bootiemember 522 c (and optionally through the housing member 526), etc.

Of course, if desired, the opening to the housing member 526 may beprovided through the top surface of the insole member, sock liner, orbootie member structure 522 c without departing from the invention. Sucha construction may be used, for example, when the housing 526 and/orelectronic module include structures and/or are made from materials soas to modulate the feel at the user's foot, when additional comfort andfeel modulating elements are provided, etc. Any of the various featuresdescribed above that help reduce or avoid contact between the wearer'sfoot and a housing (or an element received in the housing) and improvethe overall comfort of the footwear structure may be provided withoutdeparting from this invention, including the various features describedabove in conjunction with FIGS. 5A and 5B, as well as those described inmore detail below, e.g., with reference to FIGS. 9A through 9C.

As still another example, if desired, portions of a housing member maybe provided in both the midsole member (e.g., members 502 b or 522 b)and the insole member, sock liner, or bootie member structures (e.g.,structures 502 c or 522 c) without departing from this invention (e.g.,such that the electronic module or fill element is sandwiched orcontained between adjacent portions of the housing structure). A widevariety of relative arrangements of the housing member with respect toone or more of the midsole member, insole member, outsole member, and/orupper member in an article of footwear are possible without departingfrom this invention.

Housings 506 and/or 526 can be provided in a wide variety of differentlocations in the interior of a footwear structure 500 without departingfrom this invention. FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate another partial view ofan example footwear structure 600 in which the housing 506 is providedin the heel area. While the same basic footwear structure 600 is shownin FIGS. 6A and 6B as that shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, those skilled inthe art will appreciate, of course, that wide variations in the overallfootwear structure, construction, and materials may be made withoutdeparting from this invention. Again, in the example structure 600 shownin FIGS. 6A and 6B, the insole member or sock liner 502 c of the articleof footwear 600 fits over and at least partially covers the housing 506,thereby providing a layer of padding between the wearer's foot and thehousing 506.

FIG. 6C illustrates another partial view of an example footwearstructure 650 similar to those shown in FIGS. 5A through 6B. In thisexample structure 650, however, the housing 606 is provided as part ofan overall sole structure 602 in the heel area of the footwear structure650 and also as part of the insole member, sock liner, or bootie memberstructure 602 c. In this example structure 650, the opening to thehousing 606 is provided through the upper surface of the insole member,sock liner, or bootie member structure 602 c. If necessary or desired,the housing 606 and/or electronic module may include structures and/ormay be made from materials so as to modulate the feel at the user'sfoot. Additionally or alternatively, if desired, additional comfort andfeel modulating elements may be provided. Any of the various featuresdescribed above that help reduce or avoid contact between the wearer'sfoot and a housing (or an element received in the housing) and improvethe overall comfort of the footwear structure may be provided withoutdeparting from this invention, including the various features describedabove in conjunction with FIGS. 5A and 5B, as well as those described inmore detail below, e.g., with reference to FIGS. 9A through 9C. As stillanother alternative, if desired, access to the housing 606 may beprovided via the bottom surface of the insole member, sock liner, orbootie member structure 602 c, e.g., in a manner similar to thatdescribed above in conjunction with FIG. 5C.

FIG. 7 generally illustrates an example method for providing a housingmember 506 in an article of footwear, e.g., of the various typesillustrated in FIGS. 5A through 6B. As shown, a midsole element 502 bfor interior and/or exterior use in an article of footwear is provided,e.g., formed of any desired material, such as impact-attenuatingmaterials like rubber, polymeric materials (e.g., polyurethane,ethylvinylacetate, phylon, phylite, foams, etc.), and the like, and thiselement 502 b may be made of any desired thickness and/or of varyingthicknesses over its surface area. A hole or recess 508 is formed in themidsole element 502 b. This hole or recess 508 may be formed at anydesired time in the overall midsole element 502 b and/or article offootwear manufacture process, such as during molding of the midsoleelement 502 b, before the midsole element 502 b is incorporated into afootwear structure, after the midsole element 502 b is incorporated intoa footwear structure, etc. Additionally, the hole or recess 508 may beformed in any desired manner, such as by molding it in to the midsolestructure 502 b, by cutting techniques, by rolling or pressingtechniques, by laser ablation or laser cutting techniques, by heatingtechniques, etc.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the housing member 506 may be fit into andsecured in the hole or recess 508 (as indicated by arrow 702). Anydesired manner of securing the housing member 506 in the hole or recess508 may be used without departing from this invention, including, forexample, the use of adhesives, cements, or other fusing techniques; theuse of mechanical connectors or other retaining elements; etc. Thehousing member 506 may be fit into the hole or recess 508 at any desiredtime in the overall midsole element 502 b and/or article of footwearmanufacturing process, including at any of the times mentioned above.

The housing member 506 may be made from any desired material(s) and/orin any desired number of pieces without departing from the invention,including, for example: from rigid plastic or polymeric materials, suchas PEBAX® (a polyether-block co-polyamide polymer available from AtofinaCorporation of Puteaux, France), thermoplastics, and the like; frommetal materials; from ceramic materials; from fiberglass materials; fromcarbon fiber or other fiber materials; from combinations of differentmaterials; etc. As additional examples, if desired, the housing member506 may be made from a somewhat flexible material so that it may deform,at least somewhat, under force, such as the force produced when afootwear wearer steps down, lands a jump, etc.; such as the forceapplied as an electronic module and/or other element is inserted thereinand/or engaged therewith; etc. As shown in FIG. 7, in this illustratedexample, the midsole element 502 b includes impact-attenuating material704 directly beneath the housing member 506, e.g., to enable impactforces applied to the housing member 506 to be attenuated.

Of course, a wide variety in structures of the various elements, methodsof making these elements, and overall constructions are possible withoutdeparting from this invention. For example, if desired, the midsoleelement 502 b may include an opening completely through (e.g., material704 may be absent), and the housing element may be made to include,mounted on, or otherwise engaged with an impact-attenuating material(e.g., an impact-attenuating material included as part of the housingmember 506 or engaged with housing member 506 to take the place of someor all of material 704). As another example, if desired, the midsoleelement 502 b may be made from multiple pieces, and one piece may beconstructed to include the housing member 506 and/or a housing memberassembly (optionally an assembly including a housing member 506 and animpact-attenuating material, e.g., attached at its bottom surface) maybe provided between individual pieces of the midsole element 502 b.

FIG. 8 illustrates a view of an example final assembly 800 with thehousing member 506 fit into the opening or recess 508 provided in themidsole element 502 b, as shown in FIG. 7. Additionally, in thisillustrated example assembly 800, the housing member 506 includes anelement 802 received therein. A wide variety of different elements 802may be provided in the housing member 506 without departing from thisinvention. For example, as described above in conjunction with FIGS.1-4, the element 802 may constitute an electronic module (e.g., module102) for measuring a physical or physiological parameter associated withuse of an article of footwear containing the assembly 800 or sensorsand/or components for various other uses, including, for example, thevarious uses described above in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4.

In some instances, however, the housing member 506 may not include anelectronic module, e.g., of the various types described above (such asmodule 102). For example, in a retail or other sales environment, anarticle of footwear may be available (e.g., to users, resellers,purchasers, etc.) without the added expense or complication of anelectronic module, physical and/or physiological parameter sensingcapabilities, and/or athletic or other performance sensing capabilities.In such instances, to make the article of footwear “ready-to-wear,” amanufacturer, marketer, seller, or others might include a non-electronic“blank” or “dummy” element in the housing 506 as element 802. The“blank” or “dummy” element may take on any desired form or shape, suchas a rigid member (e.g., made of plastic, metal, ceramic, etc.), adeformable member (e.g., made of rubber or polymeric materials, such asfoams or materials, like those used to make the midsole element 502 b),or combinations of different materials. The blank or dummy element mayat least help maintain a consistent and non-irritating feel for the shoeon the wearer's foot (e.g., to help prevent the wearer from feeling theopen chamber of the housing 506, if the opening is exposed, etc.). Theblank or dummy element may include any desired shape or structures,e.g., to allow it to be secured in and/or released from the housing 506,e.g., in the same manners as described in more detail below forelectronic modules.

Other reasons may exist for placing a non-electronic blank or dummyelement 802 in the housing 506. For example, shoes typically aremarketed and used in pairs. If desired, only one shoe of the pair may beconstructed to include structures for holding an electronic module 102(e.g., the opening 508, housing 506, and/or element 802 therein (withthe other shoe of the pair having a more conventional structure, withoutthese features)). Alternatively, if desired, each shoe of the pair mayinclude structures for holding an electronic module 102 (e.g., theopening 508 and housing 506), and a single electronic module 102 may beselectively mounted in either shoe with a non-electronic blank or dummyelement 802 mounted in the other shoe. The ability to selectively mountthe electronic module 102 in either shoe may be advantageous, in atleast some instances, for various reasons. For example, when theelectronic module 102 transmits data or information, e.g., to a remotedevice 110 carried by the user 104 (e.g., see FIG. 1) or at anotherlocation, transmission of the data or information to the remote devicemay be better from one shoe as compared to the other (e.g., depending onthe side of the body or arm on which remote device 110 is located,depending on the location of transmission towers or other transmissionmeans with respect to the user and/or the user's general movementdirection, etc.).

As another example, if desired, different electronic modules may bemounted in the different shoes of the pair, and these modules mayprovide information relating to the same or different physical orphysiological parameters, may be used to provide the same or differenttypes of information to a remote system, may be used to provideinformation for controlling the same or different external devices, mayprovide different combinations of information and functions, etc. Inthis manner, if desired, a broader scope of functions may be performedand/or information may be provided to the user or others, and/or morereliable and/or redundant data or information may be made availableduring the course of the performance.

The bottom 804 of the housing member 506 as shown in FIG. 8 may beformed of a hard plastic (or other material) (e.g., the same material asthat making up the remainder of the housing member 506), to help protectthe element 802 in the housing member 506. Additionally oralternatively, if desired, a separate protection member 806 may beprovided, e.g., in the midsole member 502 b or other portion of the soleor shoe structure, to protect the element 802 from impact forces or thelike (e.g., particularly if the bottom 804 of the housing member 506 isopen or partially open, if bottom surface 804 is omitted, etc.Additionally or alternatively, if desired, the protecting member 806 mayextend around the sides and/or top of the housing. Such a structure maybe useful in situations to help contain and protect electronic and otherdevices included in the midsole element 502 b or other portions of thefoot-wear structure, such as activation systems, transmission systems,data processing systems, securing systems, authentication systems,and/or release systems of the various types described in more detailbelow.

Various ways of preventing or modulating user feel of the housing member506 and/or the electronic module or other element 802 may be providedwithout departing from this invention. FIGS. 9A through 9C illustratevarious example structures that may be used. In the example structure900 illustrated in FIG. 9A, the insole member, sock liner, or bootieelement 502 c includes an extra thickness 902 of impact-attenuatingmaterial at the location of (and shaped to fit within) the top of thehole 508 and/or the housing member 506. While any desired material maybe used for the extra thickness 902 of the insole member, sock liner, orbootie element 502 c (including, for example, rubber, polymers (such aspolyurethane foam, ethylvinylacetate, phylon, phylite, or the like),fabric materials, etc.), it may be the same material and continuous withthe material making up the remainder of the insole member, sock liner,or bootie element 502 c or it may be a different, separate materialwithout departing from the invention (optionally attached with theinsole member, sock liner, or bootie element 502 c).

In the example structure 920 shown in FIG. 9B, on the other hand, anindependent pad or cover element 922 is placed over the element 802 andbetween the element 802 and the insole member, sock liner, or bootieelement 502 c. The pad or cover element 922 may be made from any desiredmaterials, such as foam or other impact attenuating materials, asdescribed above. As another example, if desired, the cover element 922may be made from a more rigid material, such as a plastic material(e.g., like that making up the housing 506), optionally with foam orother material applied to its upper and/or lower surfaces. While theillustrated pad or cover element 922 is shown as a separate andindependent part that is shaped to fit in the opening of the hole 508and/or housing member 506, if desired, the pad or cover element 922 maybe made to attach to at least one of the housing member 506, the midsolemember 502 b, the element 802, and/or the insole member, sock liner, orbootie element 502 c. Optionally, in at least some example structures920, the cover element 922 may be engaged with (movably and optionallyremovably) at least one of the housing member 506 (on either of itsinterior and/or exterior surfaces), the midsole member 502 b, and/or theelement 802, e.g., in the various manners that cover elements areprovided for battery chambers of various electronic devices, such aselectronic games or other electronic equipment, such as cameras, audioand/or video recording devices, audio and/or video playback devices,etc.

FIG. 9C illustrates another example of a structure 940 including a coverelement 942 over the hole 508, housing 506, and/or element 802. In thisexample structure 940, the cover element 942 has elongated sides 944 and946 with gradually sloping surfaces that cover the housing 506. Thecover element 942 may be fixed to the housing 506, midsole element 502b, and/or insole member, sock liner, or bootie element 502 c (e.g., bymechanical connectors, adhesives, hook-and-loop fasteners, or the like),or it may be held in place by retaining elements (e.g., like retaininggrooves 948 that engage ridges 950 provided on the upper surface of thehousing 506. Other ways of engaging the cover element 942 in the overallstructure 940 are possible without departing from the invention. Ofcourse, the cover element 942 may be made from multiple pieces, ifdesired, without departing from the invention. Also, if necessary ordesired, an additional fill material may be provided, e.g., between thecover element 942 and the element 802 and/or between the cover element942 and the insole member, sock liner, or bootie element 502 c (e.g.,positioned like material 922 in FIG. 9B). This additional material,optionally, may be integrally formed with, attached to, or separate fromthe cover element 942. The cover member 942 also may be made from anydesired material, such as a rigid material (e.g., plastics, metals,etc.), impact-attenuating materials, fabric materials, and the like,without departing from the invention. The flexibility of the typicalmidsole element 502 b and insole member, sock liner, or bootie memberstructure 502 c can be relied upon in at least some structures 940 tofill in the areas between these members (e.g., toward the elongatedsides 944 and 946 of the cover element 942). Alternatively, if desired,the cover member 942 may be made from a flexible material or at leastsomewhat flexible material and simply laid in place over the housing 506and element 802, optionally relying on a user's weight and/or grooves948 (or other structures) to hold it in place.

FIG. 10A illustrates additional example features that may be present inat least some examples of footwear systems, performance sensing systems,and methods in accordance with this invention. As illustrated in FIG.10A, the element 802 (e.g., an electronic module of the various typesdescribed above, a non-electronic blank or dummy element, etc.) may bereceived in the housing 506, and if desired, some means may be providedfor securing the element 802 in the housing 506 (optionally, if desired,gravity, the weight or fit of the insole member or sock liner, and/orthe weight of the user may be relied upon alone to secure the element802 in the housing 506 without separate structures for holding theelement 802 in place with respect to the housing 506). While variousexample securing structures will be described below, in this illustratedexample, the bottom of the element 802 and the bottom of the housing 506include mating hook-and-loop fastener elements 1002 a and 1002 b,respectively, that help releasably hold the element 802 in place withrespect to the housing 506. Alternatively, if desired, adhesives,cements, epoxies, or the like may be used, e.g., optionally topermanently mount the element 802 in the housing 506, without departingfrom this invention. Optionally, if desired, the element 802 may includea handle or other element (e.g., at its top) to assist in its placementin and/or removal from the housing 506 chamber.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate still additional features that may beavailable in at least some example systems and methods according to thisinvention. As illustrated in these figures, the receptacle of thehousing member 506 and the element 802 (e.g., an electronic module ofthe various types described above, a non-electronic blank or dummyelement, etc.) may be geometrically asymmetrical in at least onedirection (e.g., from the top to the bottom direction) such that theelement 802 will fit in the housing member 506 in a limited number oforientations (in some examples, in only one orientation). In the exampleof FIGS. 10A and 10B, the upper perimeter of the housing member 506 hasa larger perimeter or circumference than its lower perimeter orcircumference. Alternatively or additionally, if desired, the upperperimeter or circumference may be shaped different from the lowerperimeter or circumference. In such structures, the element 802, whenoriented in the manner shown in FIG. 10A, will easily slide into and fitinto the chamber of housing member 506 (as shown, for example, in FIGS.9A through 9C). When inverted, however, as shown in FIG. 10B, the sidesof the element 802 will contact the sides of the housing member 506before the element 802 is fully received within the chamber. In thismanner, a user will immediately recognize (e.g., visually, due todiscomfort in the foot, due to feel, etc.) that the element 802 is notproperly mounted in the housing 506 and can take corrective action. Thisfeature can be advantageous, for example, in situations where propermounting of the element 802 in the housing member 506 can be necessary,for example, for power transfer, electrical contact, data transmission,data reception, activation, authentication, and/or other purposes (asalso will be described in more detail below).

The housing 506 and element 802 (e.g., an electronic module of thevarious types described above, a non-electronic blank or dummy element,etc.) may be asymmetrical in other ways as well. For example, FIGS. 11Athrough 11C illustrate an example of an asymmetrical housing 506 andelement 802 with an asymmetrical exterior perimeter to be receivedtherein, again in a midsole structure 502 b of an overall footwearstructure. The element 802 will easily fit in the housing 506 in theorientation illustrated in FIG. 11A. In other orientations, however, asillustrated in FIGS. 11B and 11C, the element 802 does not fit in thehousing 506. Depending on the exterior perimeter shape of the element802 and the housing 506 opening, the element 802 may fit into thechamber in a predetermined number of orientations (e.g., one orientationfor asymmetric perimeter shapes, two orientations for rectangularshapes, three orientations for some triangular shapes, four orientationsfor square shapes, etc.). Again, this feature can be particularlyadvantageous, for example, in situations where proper mounting of theelement 802 in the housing member 506 is necessary, for example, forpower transfer, electrical contact, data transmission, data reception,activation, authentication, and/or other purposes.

Of course, a wide variety of exterior perimeter and other shapes may beused to limit the number of orientations at which an element 802 will beaccepted in a housing member 506 (e.g., to one, two, three, or fourpredetermined acceptable orientations). If desired, when twopredetermined orientations are allowed (e.g., using a rectangular ortriangular exterior perimeter shape), one predetermined acceptableorientation might place the element 802 in an activated or ON condition(e.g., by providing electrical contact, as will be described in moredetail below) and a second predetermined acceptable orientation mightplace the element 802 in a deactivated or OFF condition (e.g., by notproviding electrical contact). This feature can be particularlyadvantageous, for example, to allow reliable storage of the element 802within the housing 506 in an unactivated condition, e.g., for storage toprevent data transmission during airline travel, to reduce battery powerconsumption, to prevent data transmission during non-athleticperformance or non-event use, etc. Additionally, storing the element 802in the housing 506 even in this unactivated condition avoids anyundesirable user feel of the empty housing 506 during use of the shoeand/or helps prevent loss or inadvertent failure to have the element 802available for use.

Of course, a wide variety of other electronic module or other element802 locations are possible without departing from this invention. FIGS.12A and 12B illustrate another example footwear structure 1200 in whicha housing 506 is formed at a medial posting location, e.g., in the heelarea of the midsole element 502 b. While in this illustrated examplestructure 1200 the element 802 is loaded into the housing 506 from thetop of the midsole element 502 b, if desired, the element 802 may beloaded into a housing member 506 formed as a pocket element in the sideof the midsole element 502 b or the outsole element 502 a (as shown inbroken lines at reference number 1202 in FIG. 12B). The pocket element1202 may include an openable and securable cover, and it may be accessedfrom the footwear 1200 exterior. As will be explained in more detailbelow, the transmission system 106 may be included as part of theelement 802 or separately provided (e.g., included as part of the solestructure 502, if desired).

While many of the same reference numbers and specific structures areused in FIGS. 12A and 12B as those used in various figures describedabove, those skilled in the art will appreciate, of course, that a widevariety of different upper member 504, sole member 502, and/or overallshoe structures constructions, materials, and construction methods maybe used without departing from this aspect of the invention, includingthe use of conventional constructions, materials, and constructionsmethods that are known and used in the art.

FIG. 13 illustrates another example footwear structure 1300 that may beprovided in accordance with some examples of this invention. In thisillustrated example structure 1300, the housing member 1302 for theelement 802 (e.g., an electronic module) is provided and is accessiblefrom the exterior of the footwear structure 1300. More specifically, inthis illustrated example, the housing member 1302 is formed on a lowerplate member 1304 of a footwear sole structure 502. This housing member1302 is provided between plural impact-attenuating columns 1306 of thesole structure 502. This overall sole structure 502 is akin to thoseincluded in various footwear products available under the SHOX®trademark from NIKE, Inc. of Beaverton, Oreg., U.S.A. Of course, ifdesired, the housing member 1302 could be provided (or additionalhousing members 1302 could be provided) at other locations in thefootwear structure 1300, such as on the underside of upper plate member1308, in or on one of the impact-attenuating columns 1306, etc.

In the example structure 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13, the housing 1302includes a cover member 1310 movably or removably engaged therewith. Thecover member 1310 may be secured, e.g., to the housing 1302, the lowerplate member 1304, or other portion of the structure 1300 in any desiredmanner without departing from the invention, including, for example, ahook-and-loop fastener arrangement; a clamp, clasp, hinge, or othermechanical fastener arrangement; an adhesive, cement, weld, or otherfusing techniques; etc. This cover fastening arrangement is generallyrepresented in FIG. 13 at reference number 1312, which in thisillustrated example constitutes a hook-and-loop type fastener.Additionally, by structures that will be described in more detail below,in this example structure 1300, the data transmission system 106 is atleast partially separate from the element 802, and in this illustratedexample, it forms part of the housing member 1302.

FIG. 14 illustrates still another example footwear structure 1400including a system for mounting an electronic module 802. In thisexample structure 1400, rather than mounting in the sole structure 502,the electronic module 802 is mounted as part of the upper memberstructure 504. Even more specifically, in this example footwearstructure 1400, the electronic module 802 is mounted in a pocket typehousing 1402 provided with or defined in or on the tongue element 1404of the article of footwear 1400. While a simple fabric type pocketmember 1402 is illustrated in FIG. 14, if desired, the pocket member1402 may have some or all of the various features of the housing member506 described above (and/or those that are described in more detailbelow), such as, for example: a rigid or relatively rigid constructionor shape; an asymmetric mounting opening that will accept the module 802in a limited number of orientations (e.g., one, two, three, four, etc.);separate power source and/or data transmission/reception capabilities(e.g., as will be described in more detail below);activation/authentication capabilities (e.g., as will be described inmore detail below); etc. The material of the remainder of the tonguemember 1404 (e.g., a soft, thick fabric and/or foam containing material)on which the pocket member 1402 is defined or engaged, can be madesufficiently thick to prevent or modulate user feel or discomfort whenthe module 802 is present and/or if the housing 1402 is rigid orrelatively rigid.

Additional potential features of aspects of the invention areillustrated in FIG. 14. Like the various systems and methods describedabove, if desired, the electronic module 802 may transmit data to and/orreceive data from a remote system 110/314, e.g., via wirelesstransmission or other data transmission capabilities, as shown bytransmission/receiver elements 106 and 108. This is not a requirement.Rather, if desired, the electronic module 802 may include a display 1406that can provide any desired information to the user, such asinformation relating to the athletic performance, measured physical orphysiological data or information, etc. This module 802 also can controlother components, such as active impact-attenuating elements. While anytype of information may be measured by and/or provided to and/or sentfrom the electronic module 802, in the illustrated example, the module802 provides at least distance traveled (e.g., pedometer-based)information. Also, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the module 802 may provideremaining battery life information (see the example battery life icon1408). Of course, if desired, a module 802 of the type illustrated inFIG. 14 may be used in any of the systems described above, and ifdesired, the use of transmission and/or remote display or other devicesmay be avoided.

The tongue location, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 14, can be desirablefor a variety of reasons. For example, locating the electronic module802 at the tongue 1404 allows for easy access to the module 802, e.g.,for module insertion, removal, exchange, ON/OFF switching, etc. (morespecifically, a user does not need to remove his/her shoe completelyand/or remove or move the shoe's insole member or sock liner to obtainaccess to the housing 1402 or the module 802). Additionally, the tonguelocation can provide better antenna transmission for data exchange witha remote system, e.g., systems 110 or 314 (more specifically,transmission and/or reception capabilities are not blocked and/orattenuated by the sole structure, the user's foot, etc.).

C. Electronic Module Connection Features

In many of the example structures above, the housing member, as well asvarious parts of the shoe structures, have been passive, i.e., theygenerally simply receive the electronic modules 102 and do not performany data transmission, transfer, and/or processing functions. In otherwords, in at least most of these structures (e.g., with the exception ofthe structures shown in FIGS. 13 and 14), the electronic module 102and/or 802 housed the power supply and/or all components necessary toperform the data collection, processing, transmission, and/or receptionfunctions. This is not a requirement. FIG. 15A illustrates an examplestructure 1500 in which some portion of the sole structure 502 containsor houses at least some portions of a data transmission/reception system1502 (e.g., akin to element 106 in FIG. 1) with an antenna member 1504extending between and/or along side elements of the sole structure 502,e.g., to be exposed at the shoe exterior. Of course, if desired, theantenna member 1504 need not extend to the shoe's exterior (assumingthat the data carrier waves can penetrate into the shoe structure 1500to reach an internal antenna). The transmission/reception system 1502may connect with an electronic module 102 mounted in the housing member1506 via connections made through the housing member 1506, examples ofwhich will be described in more detail below. The transmission/receptionsystem 1502 can communicate with a remote system 1508 (e.g., likesystems 110 and/or 314 described above) through any suitable or desiredprotocol, including conventional systems, methods, and protocols thatare known and used commercially. If desired, the antenna member 1504 mayextend to and form a portion of the exterior of the sole structure 502,e.g., fashioned as a decorative element provided in, on, and/or alongsome portion of the sole structure 502.

Additionally or alternatively, if desired, some portion of the solestructure 502 may include at least some portion of a power supply 1510that supplies power for operating one or more components of theelectronic module 102, the transmission/reception system 1502, and/orother processing systems. The power supply 1510 may connect with theelectronic module 102 mounted in the housing member 1506 via connectionsmade through the housing member, as will be described in more detailbelow. If desired, the sole structure 502 may include an access windowto the power supply 1510 location, e.g., to allow insertion or exchangeof a battery member, etc.

FIG. 15B shows a structure 1520 similar to that shown in FIG. 15A, butin this instance, the antenna member 1522 extends to and/or forms partof the upper member structure 504. If desired, the antenna member 1522may be shaped and located so as to provide suitable communications witha remote system 1508. Moreover, if desired, the antenna member may format least a portion of a decorative pattern in or on the upper memberstructure 504, and/or it may be wholly or partially contained in orcovered by, if desired, e.g., a thin layer of fabric, plastic, or othermaterial (e.g., upper member material), provided the covering materialis permeable to the signal carrier waves for data transmission andreception in this system 1522.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example electrical connection structure 1600 thatmay be used between an electronic module 1602 mounted in a housingmember 1604 and other electronic components, e.g., of the typesdescribed above. These connections may be used, for example, to provideelectrical communication between components 1606 included as part of theelectronic module 1602 and components 1608 included as part of thefootwear structure (e.g., in or on a sole structure, in or on an upperstructure, etc.), such as a power supply, a transmission/receptionsystem, etc. More specifically, in this illustrated example, the housingmember 1604 includes a raised element 1604 a that engages with areceptacle 1602 a defined in the electronic module 1602. The raisedelement 1604 a may include one or more electrical conductors 1610 thatextend to component 1608. Likewise, recessed receptacle 1602 a mayinclude one or more electrical conductors 1612 that extend to component1606. Electrical contact between conductors 1610 and 1612 at the raisedelement 1604 a and receptacle 1602 a junction can be used for variouspurposes, such as to transfer power, to transmit/receive data (includingdata sensed by sensors included in module 1602), and/or other purposes.Of course, the electrical connection at this junction may be made in anydesired manner using any desired structures, including structures thatare conventionally known and used for making connections betweenelectronic devices, such as pins, contact pads, and the like.

Of course, if desired, any number of junctions (e.g., recess receptacles1602 a and raised elements 1604 a) may be provided and eachreceptacle/raised element pair may include any desired number ofcontacts without departing from this invention. Also, if desired, therecessed receptacles 1602 a and raised elements 1604 a may be omittedand electrical contacts, pins, pads, or other suitable structures may beprovided directly in the housing member 1604 and/or the electronicmodule 1602 without departing from this invention. Also, if desired, oneor more recessed receptacles 1602 a, raised elements 1604 a, and/orother electrical contact structures may be provided in the side and/ortop walls of the housing 1604, the electronic module 1602, and/or anycover element, without departing from this invention.

As still additional examples, if desired, particularly when multiplecontact locations are provided between a housing 1604 and an electronicmodule 1602, the locations and/or pattern of electrical conductivity inthe various contact locations may be used to provide authenticationinformation and/or other information to the electronic module and/or anassociated data processing system. For example, processing systems onboard the electronic module 1602 and/or the footwear structure 1600 maybe looking for electrical contact at specific, predetermined locationsand/or in a specific, predetermined pattern or order for the purpose ofconfirming that the electronic module 1602 is authorized for use in thatspecific shoe 1600. If electrical contact is not made in the expectedlocations or in the expected order, the electronic module 1602 (or atleast certain functions thereof) may be deactivated. Additionally oralternatively, electrical contact at specific, predetermined locationsand/or in a specific predetermined pattern or order over the pluralelectrical contacts may be used to provide information as to the type ofshoe or the specific (right or left) shoe in which the electronic module1602 is mounted, which information may be used in a data algorithmselection process (e.g., to tell the electronic module 1602 or otherprocessing equipment the type of physical or physiological parameters tomeasure, to tell the module 1602 or other processing equipment the typeof information to provide for display, to tell the module 1602 or otherprocessing equipment the specific components to operate and/or themanner in which they should be operated, etc.).

FIG. 17 illustrates additional examples of structures 1700 for providingand maintaining electrical contact and electrical communication betweenan electronic module 1702 (and one or more of its electronic components1704) and electronic components 1706 included in an article of footwear1708 through a housing member 1710. In this example structure 1700, theelectronic module 1702 includes an extending portion 1712 and thehousing 1710 includes an opening, recess, groove, or other discontinuity1714. Any number of extending portions 1712 and/or correspondingopenings, recesses, grooves, or discontinuities 1714 may be provided,and if desired, the housing 1710 may include one or more extendingportions 1712 and the electronic module 1702 may include one or more ofthe openings, recesses, grooves, or discontinuities 1714. Also, ifdesired, a single opening, recess, groove, or discontinuity 1714 mayreceive more than one extended portion 1712 without departing from theinvention. As still another example, if desired, the extended portions1712 and the openings, recesses, grooves, or discontinuities 1714 may beomitted, if desired, and electrical contact may be provided in themanners described in more detail below, e.g., by providing theelectrical contacts (e.g., pins, pads, receptacles, etc.) on surfacesflush or substantially flush or substantially flush with the remainderof the electronic module 1702 and housing 1710.

As shown in FIG. 17, the end of the extended portion 1712 in thisexample structure 1700 includes at least one electrical contact 1712 athat extends outward somewhat from the end of the extended portion 1712.Similarly, the bottom of the opening, recess, groove, or discontinuity1714 in this example structure 1700 includes at least one electricalcontact 1714 a that extends upward somewhat from the bottom of theopening, recess, groove, or discontinuity 1714. Electrical contactbetween components 1706 in the article of footwear 1708 (e.g., one ormore of the power supply components, the data transmission/receptioncomponents, the data processing components, etc.) and components 1704 inthe electronic module 1702 can be made via the contacts 1712 a and 1714a, as shown in the bottom portions of FIG. 17 (i.e., when the electronicmodule 1702 is mounted in the housing 1710). If desired, the contacts1712 a and 1714 a need not be raised from their respective surfaces, butrather, contact can be made with these contact elements 1712 a and 1714a provided flush or substantially flush with their respective surfaces.

The structures 1700 illustrated in FIG. 17, however, can provideadditional useful features in some examples of this invention. Forexample, when at least one of the contact elements 1712 a and 1714 a israised up (as shown in the figures), it can be structured so as to moveinward by contact with the other contact element (which may bestationary), and this movement of the contact element 1712 a and/or 1714a can be used as a type of activation switch to turn the power supplyand/or other electronic components on and off (and/or otherwise activateand disable the power supply or various components of the system). Forexample, in the example structure 1700 illustrated in the bottom leftside of FIG. 17, the recess contact 1714 a is stationary and the modulecontact 1712 a is mounted in a movable manner (e.g., spring loaded,etc.) such that mounting the electronic module 1702 in the housing 1710will cause the contact element 1712 a to push upward somewhat into themodule 1702 (see arrow 1716). This movement, if desired, can be used toactivate an ON/OFF switch for the electronic module 1702 and/or enableor disable at least some functions of the electronic module 1702 (e.g.,activate a power supply, activate transmission of data to/from theelectronic module 1702 to/from the external components 1706, activateprocessing systems, etc.). Similarly, in the example structure 1700illustrated in the bottom right side of FIG. 17, the electronic modulecontact 1712 a is stationary and the recess contact 1714 a is mounted ina movable manner (e.g., spring loaded, etc.) such that mounting theelectronic module 1702 in the housing 1710 will cause the contactelement 1714 a to push downward somewhat into the shoe structure 1708(see arrow 1718). This movement, if desired, can be used to activate anON/OFF switch for the electronic components 1706 and/or enable ordisable at least some functions of these components 1706 (e.g., activatea power supply, activate transmission of data to/from the electronicmodule 1702, activate processing systems, etc.). Of course, if desired,both contact elements 1712 a and 1714 a may be movable or may bestationary without departing from this invention. Additionally, ifdesired, as noted above, multiple contact elements 1712 a and 1714 a maybe provided in the electronic module 1702 and/or associated with thehousing 1710, and these various contact elements 1712 a and 1714 a mayhave any desired combination of fixation and movability withoutdeparting from this invention.

It is not necessary for an electronic module to make electrical contactthrough a housing member to components in the interior of an article offootwear to take advantage of various features of the extending portionand/or recesses, openings, grooves, and/or discontinuities of the typesdescribed above in conjunction with FIGS. 16 and 17. Rather, one or moreextending portions and corresponding receiving recesses, openings,grooves, and/or discontinuities may be used as features simply to assurethat an electronic module is correctly mounted in a housing (e.g., in asingle predetermined orientation or in a predetermined number ofdifferent orientations), to activate the module or various componentsthereof (e.g., by activating an ON/OFF switch), and/or to provideauthentication information, irrespective of whether the power source,transmission/reception components, antenna components, or the like areincluded as part of the overall shoe structure and/or as part of theelectronic module structure. FIG. 18 illustrates an example of such astructure 1800. As shown in this figure, the structure 1800 includes anelectronic module 1802 mounted in a housing 1804. The electronic module1802 in this example structure 1800 includes an opening, recess, groove,or discontinuity 1806 that engages an extending portion 1808 provided,e.g., in the housing member 1804, as part of the shoe structure (e.g.,the midsole element 1810), etc. Of course, if desired, the electronicmodule 1802 may include one or more extending portions 1808 and thehousing 1804 or shoe structure (e.g., midsole element 1810) may includeone or more corresponding openings, recesses, grooves, ordiscontinuities 1806 without departing from the invention. Also, ifdesired, plural extending portions and corresponding openings, recesses,grooves, or discontinuities may be provided, optionally either types ofstructures on both the electronic module 1802 and in the housing 1804and/or other portions of the shoe structure (e.g., such that thelocations of the extending portions and corresponding openings, grooves,recesses, or discontinuities provide a type of “key” structure to assureproper insertion of the electronic module 1802 in the housing 1804).Also, one or more of the extending portions 1808 and/or openings,recesses, grooves, and/or discontinuities 1806 may be provided in otherwalls of the electronic module 1802 and/or the housing member 1804 orshoe structure without departing from this invention.

While the extending portions 1808 and corresponding openings, recesses,grooves, and/or discontinuities 1806 may be “passive,” e.g., simply toprevent mis-orientation of electronic modules 1802 and/or insertion ofunauthorized modules, these structures may provide additional functionsas well. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 18, the interior wall ofthe opening, recess, groove, or discontinuity 1806 of the electronicmodule 1802 may be equipped with a “switch” activating mechanism 1812.As generally described above in conjunction with FIG. 17, insertion ofthe electronic module 1802 into the housing 1804 may result in movementof or toggling of the switch activating mechanism 1812 (generallydepicted by arrow 1814), which in turn can be used to activate or enableone or more functions of electronic components 1816 included in themodule 1802. Accordingly, electrical connection need not be made acrossthe housing/electronic module junction (as shown for example in FIG. 17)to make use of the general extending portion/corresponding openings,grooves, recesses, or discontinuities or “key” type structures describedabove.

FIG. 19 illustrates another example structure 1900 including generalextending portion/corresponding openings, grooves, recesses, ordiscontinuities or “key” type structures. In this example structure1900, the electronic module 1902 again includes one or more openings,recesses, grooves, and/or discontinuities 1904. In this examplestructure 1900, however, there are no corresponding extending portionsprovided in the housing member 1906. Rather, the insole element or sockliner 1908 (or an element attached thereto, engaged therewith, orlocated over the module 1902) includes one or more extending portions1910 that extend into the opening(s), recess(es), groove(s), and/ordiscontinuity(ies) 1904. Again, as described above in conjunction withFIG. 18, while the arrangement of FIG. 19 may be simply passive (e.g.,to assure proper mounting of the electronic module 1902 in the housing1906), the structure 1900 of FIG. 19 also may be used to activate aswitching mechanism 1912 for electronic components 1914 (e.g., of themodule 1902 or carried by the footwear) as described above inconjunction with FIG. 18.

Of course, combinations of the various electrical contact, activation,and authentication structures, systems, and methods of the typesdescribed in conjunction with FIGS. 16-19 may be used without departingfrom this invention. Additionally, the various electrical contact,activation, and authentication structures, systems, and methods of thetypes described in conjunction with FIGS. 16-19 may be used at variousdifferent positions on an article of footwear structure, such as at thevarious positions described above in conjunction with FIGS. 5A-6B and12A-14, without departing from this invention.

D. Selective Engagement, Release, Activation, and Authentication Systemsand Methods

Articles of footwear and footwear systems in accordance with at leastsome examples of this invention may have a variety of other featuresand/or combinations of features. FIG. 20 illustrates one example of afootwear structure and system 2000 that includes various additionalfeatures. FIG. 20 generally illustrates an article of footwear 2002 thatincludes an electronic module 2004 mounted in a housing member 2006,e.g., in the various manners described above (such as in the heel orarch area of a midsole member 2008), but this example system 2000includes various module securing structures and release systems. Once anelectronic module 2004 is mounted in an article of footwear 2002, it maybe difficult to grab, e.g., when a user wishes to remove it, exchange itfor another, replace batteries, etc., particularly if the module 2004 issecured in a rigid housing 2006, if it tightly fits in the housing 2006,and/or if its top surface is below the top of the housing 2006. FIG. 20illustrates an example securing system and release system that may beused in conjunction with electronic modules 2004, e.g., of the varioustypes described above.

In this illustrated example system 2000, the electronic module 2004 isheld in place in the housing at least in part via a retaining member2010 that extends into a mating chamber 2012 provided in the electronicmodule 2004 side wall. The retaining member 2010 may be spring biasedand shaped so as to allow the module 2004 to easily slide into thehousing 2006 while pushing the retaining member 2010 against the springforce, and then when properly positioned, the retaining member 2010 may“snap into” the chamber 2012 under the force of the spring. In thisillustrated example, the retaining member 2010 further is mounted on alever member 2014 that is movably mounted on a fulcrum member 2016. Thisstructure can be used, at least in part, to securely hold the electronicmodule 2004 in the housing member 2006. Alternatively, if desired, anelectronically controlled and/or activated retaining member 2010 may beused as opposed to this more mechanical arrangement.

The free end of the lever member 2014 (away from the retaining member2010) in this example system 2000 is located adjacent an opening 2018provided at an appropriate location to access a module releasemechanism. In this instance, the opening 2018 is provided in the side ofthe sole structure 2020 of the shoe (e.g., in a midsole member 2008, inan outsole member, etc.). Additionally, a release tool 2022 is provided,an end of which can be inserted into the opening 2018. When the releasetool 2022 is pushed into the opening 2018, it will engage the levermember 2014, which then will rotate about the fulcrum member 2016 tomove the retaining member 2010 outside of the electronic module'sretaining chamber 2012. If necessary or desired, one or more springmembers 2024 (or other structures) may be provided to help push themodule 2004 upward and out of the housing 2006 once the retaining member2010 is moved out of the chamber 2012. This feature can help make iteven easier for the user to remove the module 2004.

If desired, the release tool 2022 may be shaped so as to be received inthe opening 2018 in one orientation (e.g., akin to a type of “key”mechanism). As illustrated in FIG. 20, a separate release tool 2022 maybe provided, optionally storable along with the shoe, e.g., in a pocketelement 2026 provided in the sole structure 2020, in the tongue element2028, in the upper member 2030, or the like. As another option oralternative, if desired, the aglet 2032 for the shoelaces 2034 of theshoe 2002 may be used for the release tool. Optionally, if desired, atleast the end portion of one or more of the aglets 2032 may be speciallyshaped to fit into the opening 2018 when the opening 2018 is speciallyshaped.

If desired, the lever member 2014 and retaining member 2010 may beincluded in the electronic module 2004, and a retaining chamber may beprovided in the housing 2006. In such an arrangement, the opening 2018may be provided in the electronic module 2004, and the release tool 2022may interact with the release mechanisms included with the module 2004rather in than the footwear structure. Again, if desired, electronicallymovable and/or activated securing and/or release mechanisms may beprovided as opposed to these more mechanical structures.

Of course, a wide variety of different securing systems and/or releasesystems may be used without departing from this invention. FIGS. 21A and21B illustrate another example structure 2100 that includes electronicmodule 2102 securing systems and/or release systems. In this examplestructure 2100, the electronic module 2102 again is mounted in theinterior of the footwear structure (e.g., through an opening defined ina housing 2104 provided in a midsole element 2106). The electronicmodule 2102 tightly fits in the housing member 2104 and/or may besecured therein, e.g., using adhesives, hook-and-loop fasteners, othermechanical fasteners, detent mechanisms, flexible retaining elements(e.g., in the walls of housing 2104 that fit into small recessesprovided in the electronic module 2102 or vice versa), etc. Once securedin the housing member 2104, as noted above, the electronic module 2102can be difficult to grasp for removal purposes and may mot release underthe force of gravity by simply turning the shoe upside down and/orshaking it (particularly if some type of restraining or securing systemis utilized, e.g., like those described above).

The release mechanism in the example structure 2100 illustrated in FIGS.21A and 21B includes a lever member 2108 provided within the midsoleelement 2106 or other portion of the shoe structure. This lever member2108 is movably mounted on a fulcrum member 2110 such that it can rotateup and down. To release the electronic module 2102 from the housingmember 2104, a release tool 2112 (e.g., of the various types describedabove) may be inserted into a release mechanism access opening 2114provided in the midsole member 2106. A portion of the lever member 2108may be engaged by the release tool 2112 and pushed downward, whichcauses the lever member 2108 to rotate about the fulcrum 2110. Thisaction, in turn, causes the opposite end of the lever member 2108 tomove upward. In this illustrated example, the opposite end of levermember 2108 includes an engaging element 2116 that is capable ofextending upward through an opening 2118 defined in the housing member2104 to engage the electronic module 2102 and push it upward, as shownin the progression of FIG. 21B. Once pushed upward, the electronicmodule 2102 can clear the top portion of the housing member 2104 and bereadily available for the user to grasp (or fall out under the force ofgravity). If desired, the lever member 2108 may be weighted and/or thefulcrum 2110 may be biased (e.g., spring biased) such that the engagingelement 2116 will automatically return to a location outside the housingmember 2104 when the force of the release tool 2112 is relaxed.Alternatively, if desired, a force applied to the engaging element 2116inside the housing member (e.g., by a user's hand, by insertion of anelectronic module 2102 or blank, etc.) may be used to return theengaging element 2116 to the position shown at the left side of FIG.21B.

A wide variety of structures may be used to provide securing structuresand/or release systems of the types illustrated by FIGS. 21A and 21B. Asone example, if desired, as shown in these figures, the insole member orsock liner may include an opening that essentially overlaps with oraligns with the opening 2114 provided in the midsole element 2106. Anopening of some sort also may be provided in the insole member or sockliner to allow removal of and access to the electronic module 2102. Inthis manner, the user can easily access and utilize the releasemechanism without the need to remove the insole member or sock liner2118. Alternatively, if desired, all or some portion of the insolemember or sock liner 2118 may be removed to allow access to the opening2114 and/or the housing member 2104. As still another example, ifdesired, the insole member or sock liner may include an opening definedtherein that corresponds with the location of the module 2102, and themodule 2102 may include a similar material to the insole member or thesock liner at its top surface (e.g., optionally attached thereto, layingover its top surface, etc.). In this manner, lifting of the electronicmodule 2102 under the force of engaging element 2116 can directly liftthe electronic module 2102 and its covering material upward and outthrough the opening provided in the insole member or sock liner. In suchan arrangement, it is not necessary for the user to remove the sockliner or insole member to remove the module 2102. Wide variations in thelocations of the various elements, openings, and their specificstructures also are possible without departing from this invention.

If desired, the engagement system of FIGS. 21A and 21B may beelectronically activated and/or operated (e.g., by moving element 2116under force applied via an electronic component rather than a mechanicallever) without departing from this invention.

While FIGS. 20 through 21B illustrate examples of mechanical securingand release systems, this is not a requirement. FIGS. 22A and 22Billustrate an example footwear system 2200 in which an electronicsecuring and release system is utilized. The system 2200 includes anelectronic module 2202 mounted in a housing member 2204, e.g., in thevarious manners described above. The electronic module 2202 of thisexample structure 2200 includes grooves, recesses, openings, ordiscontinuities 2202 a along one or more of its side surfaces that, aswill be described below, are used for securing the module 2202 in thehousing 2204. In this illustrated example structure 2200, insertion ofthe electronic module 2202 in the housing 2204 will cause an interactionwith a switch mechanism 2206 (e.g., a mechanical switch, an electronicsensor, etc.), which in turn sends a signal to a processing system 2208.In response to this signal, processing system 2208 sends signals toelectronically activated (e.g., and movable) retaining members 2210 tomove inward to engage the grooves, recesses, openings, ordiscontinuities 2202 a of the electronic module 2202. This actionsecurely engages the electronic module 2202 in the housing 2204. Ifdesired, the retaining members 2210 may form a part of the housing 2204and/or may extend through openings provided in the housing 2204.

To release the module 2202 from the housing 2204, again a release tool2212 may be used (e.g., inserted through an opening 2214), in thegeneral manner described above. Insertion of the release tool 2212, inthis example structure 2200, in some manner triggers a switch orotherwise activates a processing system (e.g., system 2208) to send asignal to the electronically activated (e.g., and movable) retainingmembers 2210 to retract from the grooves, recesses, openings, ordiscontinuities 2202 a to thereby release the electronic module 2202. Ifnecessary or desired, one or more spring elements 2216 or otherstructures may be provided (e.g., inside the housing 2204, extendingthrough openings provided in the housing 2204, etc.) to help push theelectronic module 2202 out of the housing 2204.

FIG. 23 illustrates another example structure 2300 including securingand/or releasing mechanisms that may be used in accordance with examplesof the invention. In this example structure 2300, the module 2302 ismounted in a housing 2304 and may be secured therein in any desiredmanner (e.g., by friction fit, by detent structures, by retainingelements, and/or by any of the various structures described above). Inthis structure 2300, when release of the module 2302 is desired, arelease tool 2306 is inserted into an opening 2308 provided in themodule 2302 to activate a switch or other interaction mechanism 2310.Interaction between the tool 2306 and the switch 2310 sends a signal toa processing system 2312 (in this illustrated example on board themodule 2302, but not a requirement), which in turn sends release signalsto one or more engaging elements 2314 provided in or on the module 2302.As shown by the progression in FIG. 23, this action causes the engagingelements 2314 to extend outward and downward from the bottom of themodule 2302, against the bottom of the housing 2304, to thereby move themodule 2302 upward with respect to the housing 2304. Raising the module2302 upward in this manner allows the user to more easily grasp it andthereby completely remove it from the housing 2304 and/or releases itfrom its tight fit or from any retaining structures to thereby allow itto fall out of the housing 2304, e.g., when shaken and/or under theforce of gravity.

Of course, any number of engaging elements 2314, at any desiredpositions, may be provided without departing from the invention. Also,if desired, a mechanically activated and/or operated system may beprovided (including various structures such as lever arms, fulcrumelements, and the like, as described above), rather than theelectronically activated and operated system 2300 described above.

FIG. 24 illustrates another example structure 2400 that includes varioussecuring and/or releasing mechanisms. In this example structure 2400,the module 2402 is mounted in a housing 2404 and held therein byretaining elements 2406 that extend out from the module 2402 intorecesses or openings 2408 provided in the housing 2404 wall. Any desiredmanner of engaging the retaining elements 2406 in the openings 2408 maybe used without departing from the invention. For example, if desired,the retaining elements 2406 may be spring loaded such that they slideinside the module 2402 against the biasing force of a spring whileinsertion of the module 2402 into the housing 2404 is taking place untilthey reach the openings 2408, at which point they automatically extendoutward under the biasing force. As another example, if desired, anactivation tool 2410 may be used once the module 2402 is properlyinserted into the housing 2404 to then electronically activate theretaining elements 2406 and force them outward into the openings 2408.Other ways of making this engagement between the retaining elements 2406and the openings 2408 may be used without departing from this invention.Of course, any number of retaining elements 2406 and openings 2408 maybe provided, at any desired locations, without departing from thisinvention.

In this structure 2400, when release of the module 2402 is desired, arelease tool 2410 is inserted into an opening 2412 provided in themodule 2402 to activate a switch or other interaction mechanism 2414.Interaction between the tool 2410 and the switch 2414 sends a signal toa processing system 2416 (in this illustrated example on board themodule 2402, but not a requirement), which in turn sends release signalsto the retaining elements 2406. As shown by the progression in FIG. 24,this action causes the retaining elements 2406 to retract back into themodule 2402 and out of the openings 2408 in the housing 2404, to therebyrelease the module 2402 (this same tool 2410 and system may be used tosecure the retaining elements 2406 in the openings 2408, as describedabove). Once released, the module 2402 may be raised upward, e.g., underthe force of spring members 2418, which in turn allows the user to moreeasily grasp it and thereby completely remove it from the housing 2404.Alternatively, release of the retaining elements 2406 from openings 2408may be sufficient to simply allow the module 2402 to release from thehousing 2404 under the force of gravity (e.g., fall out when shakenand/or turned upside-down).

Of course, if desired, a mechanically activated and/or operated systemmay be provided (including various structures such as lever arms,fulcrum elements, and the like, as described above), rather than theelectronically activated and operated system 2400 described above.

A wide variety of different structures and arrangements formechanically, electronically, and/or electromechanically securing and/orreleasing an electronic module in a housing may be used withoutdeparting from the invention. Moreover, any number, structure, and/orarrangement of retaining elements and/or grooves, recesses, openings,and/or discontinuities may be used without departing from thisinvention.

As another alternative, if desired, rather than release tools as shownin FIGS. 20 through 24, if desired, the footwear structure could simplybe structured to include a button or other activation system integrallyformed, e.g., in the sole structure, so as to avoid the need for aseparate release tool.

Other features may be available in footwear and performance sensingsystems and methods according to this invention. For example, a singleelectronic module might be useful in a wide variety of different typesof shoes, such as running shoes (e.g., to measure and provide data andinformation relating to speed, distance, time, etc., optionally based onGPS information); walking shoes (e.g., to measure and provide data andinformation relating to speed, distance, time, etc., optionally based onGPS or pedometer based information); basketball shoes (e.g., to measureand provide data relating to jump height, playing time, etc.); golfshoes (e.g., to measure yardage, distance traveled, etc.); etc. Themanner in which the electronic module engages with the article offootwear may be used to provide information, for example, for use inactivation, authentication, data processing algorithm selection, and thelike.

FIGS. 25A and 25B illustrate examples. FIG. 25A shows an example portionof an area of engagement between an electronic module 2502 and a housingelement 2504 provided in an article of footwear of a first type (e.g., abasketball sneaker). The electronic module 2502 and housing element 2504may be of any desired construction or arrangement, including any of thevarious structures and arrangements described above. In this examplestructure 2500, the housing member 2504 includes an engaging surface2506 that engages a corresponding engaging surface 2508 provided on theelectronic module 2502. In this example structure 2500, the electronicmodule 2502 (which may be used in a variety of different types offootwear or for a variety of different sensing, monitoring, datatransmission, and/or data reception purposes) includes five contact pads2508 a through 2508 e. These contact pads 2508 a through 2508 e engageone or more contact pads provided on the engagement surface 2506 of thehousing member 2504. In this illustrated example, the housing member2504 includes four contact pads 2506 a, 2506 b, 2506 c, and 2506 earranged to engage contact pads 2508 a, 2508 b, 2508 c, and 2508 e ofthe electronic module 2502. Notably, no contact pad is provided in thehousing member 2504 corresponding to the location of contact pad 2508 d.Therefore, when the electronic module 2502 engages the housing 2504 andcontact is made between surfaces 2506 and 2508, a processing system,e.g., provided on board the module 2502 or included with the footwear,can sense electrical contact through pads 2508 a, 2508 b, 2508 c, and2508 e and no electrical contact through pad 2508 d (e.g., akin to abinary number 11101).

FIG. 25B shows an arrangement 2550 wherein the same electronic module2502 as used in FIG. 25A is mounted in a housing member 2552 of adifferent type of shoe (e.g., a walking shoe or golf shoe). In thisillustrated example, the housing member 2552 includes three contact padson its contact surface 2554, namely contact pads 2554 a, 2554 c, and2554 d, which are arranged to engage with contact pads 2508 a, 2508 c,and 2508 d of the electronic module 2502. Notably, no contact pads areprovided in the housing member 2554 corresponding to the locations ofcontact pads 2508 b and 2508 e. Therefore, when the electronic module2502 engages the housing 2554 and contact is made between surfaces 2554and 2508, a processing system, e.g., provided on board the module 2502or included with the article of footwear, can sense electrical contactthrough pads 2508 a, 2508 c, and 2508 d and no electrical contactthrough pads 2508 b and 2508 e (e.g., akin to a binary number 10110).

A great deal of information can be provided through the differences inthe electrical contact, e.g., of the types described in conjunction withFIGS. 25A and 25B. For example, as described above, each type offootwear by a specific manufacturer (or a group of manufacturers) mayinclude a different type of contact pad pattern (e.g., zero or more ofcontact elements 2506 a through 2506 e). Utilizing these patterns ofcontact information, a processing system (e.g., on board the electronicmodule 2502 or elsewhere) can determine the type of footwear to whichthe electronic module 2502 is attached (e.g., based on the binary valueof the contact pattern). The contact pattern also could convey otherinformation, such as whether the module 2502 is mounted in the left shoeor the right shoe. This information, in turn, may be used by theelectronic module 2502 for a variety of different purposes, e.g., todetermine what data processing algorithm to utilize (e.g., for golfand/or measuring walking distance v. for basketball and measuring jumpheight); to determine which sensors to activate; to determine datapolling frequency; to determine the type of data to transmit to a remotedevice, e.g., for display to the user, further processing, etc.; themanner, format, and/or protocol by which data is transmitted; and thelike. In this manner, a single electronic module 2502 can be obtainedand used in a wide variety of different shoe structures by a user for awide variety of different measurement purposes, etc.

Of course, other ways of providing electrical contact, e.g., includingthis type of predetermined pattern or framework, may be used withoutdeparting from this invention. For example, if desired, the variouscontact pads may be provided on a variety of different surfaces of thehousing member and/or electronic module (e.g., one or more of the topsurface, the bottom surface, the side surface(s), engagement surface(s),etc.). As another example, if desired, the contact members may beprovided through a series of extending elements or pins provided on thehousing and/or module that extend into one or more correspondingrecesses or openings provided in the other member (wherein contacts areprovided in the openings or recesses). As still another example, ifdesired, a full set of contact members may be provided on the housingmember as well as on the electronic module, and processing capabilitiesassociated with the article of footwear and the module may be reliedupon to provide predetermined activation and/or authenticationinformation, e.g., to assure that the electronic module is authorizedfor use with a particular article of footwear (e.g., if desired,connection between the electronic module and the housing member mayinitiate transmission of a password or other authentication information,a user may be prompted to enter a password, a user may actively initiatethe activation/authentication processes, and the processing system thenmay be used to determine whether the electronic module and article offootwear are authorized for use with one another (e.g., by confirminguse of the correct password, etc.)). If desired, the password and/orauthentication signal may be encrypted in some manner to preventunauthorized articles of footwear and/or modules from operating with oneanother. Other activation restriction and/or authentication systems andmethods may be used without departing from this invention.

FIG. 26 illustrates another example system 2600 that has activationand/or authentication capabilities. Various example structures describedabove include a tool used for various purposes, e.g., to activate asecuring system, to activate a release system, etc. A similar tool (oroptionally, the same physical tool, such as the aglet 2602 for ashoelace 2604) may be used for activating an electronic module 2606and/or some other portion of the overall system 2600, such as aprocessing system 2608 on board the article of footwear and/or includedin the electronic module 2606 (e.g., by having the tool 2602 press anactivation button, by having the tool 2602 initiate or completeelectrical contact between various components, by having the tool 2602in some manner initiate the production of a binary signal (e.g., due toinitiation or completion of electrical contact between components,etc.), and the like).

As still another example, if desired, the activation tool 2602 (whichalso may be used for securing, releasing, and the like) also may be usedto provide authentication and/or data algorithm selection information tothe electronic module 2606. FIG. 26 illustrates an example of such anarrangement 2600. In this example structure 2600, the interior of theshoe includes contact members 2610 a through 2610 e that interconnect tothe electronic module 2606 (e.g., via one or more of the variousconnection methods described above). The activation tool 2602 includeszero or more contact pads or elements (e.g., 2606 b, 2606 d, and 2606 ein this illustrated example), which connect with the correspondingcontact members 2610 b, 2610 d, and 2610 e in the shoe structure.Notably, no contact pads are provided in the activation tool 2602corresponding to the locations of contact pads 2610 a and 2610 c.Therefore, when the activation tool 2602 is inserted into the opening ofthe shoe, contact is made between the corresponding pads, and aprocessing system 2608, e.g., provided on board the module 2606 or withthe shoe, can sense electrical contact through pads 2610 b, 2610 d, and2610 e and no electrical contact through pads 2610 a and 2610 c (e.g.,akin to a binary number 01011). If desired, a user-activated orautomatic switch, trigger system, or processing system 2612 (e.g., onboard the tool 2602 or on board the shoe, such as at the bottom of thetool-receiving opening) may be used to initiate flow of electricity tothe various contact pads 2606 b, 2606 d, and 2606 e once the activationtool 2602 is fully inserted into the opening (e.g., so that any contactmade between pads 2606 and 2610 during the course of tool insertion doesnot erroneously send information to the processor 2608).

Of course, a wide variety in the parts, structure, and arrangement ofelements may be provided to the example system illustrated in FIG. 26without departing from the invention. For example, if desired, theactivation tool 2602 may be inserted into an appropriate openingprovided directly in the electronic module 2606 rather than in a portionof the shoe structure (e.g., if desired, contact members 2610 a through2610 e may be provided in or as part of the electronic module 2606).Also, an activation tool of the type illustrated in FIG. 26 may be usedto provide any desired type of information, including the variousinformation described above with reference to FIGS. 25A and 25B (e.g.,authentication information, footwear style or type information, leftfoot/right foot information, data algorithm selection information, datatransmission/reception/display information, datatransmission/reception/display format information, etc.).

In view of their ability to receive data and information in accordancewith at least some examples of this invention, e.g., in the variousmanners described above, the electronic modules also may be programmed,e.g., to produce or display specific user desired data or information;to activate selected sensors; to receive input for engagement, release,activation, authentication, and/or other purposes; etc. This inputfeature may be used for other purposes as well. For example, theelectronic module may receive input allowing it to automatically detectdifferent communication protocols and thereby address its communications(transmissions, receptions, etc.) appropriately. In this manner, themodule could be designed to automatically receive and communicate in anynumber of different standard and/or non-standard protocols, such as theBodyLan protocol, the Bluetooth protocol (available from Bluetooth SigInc., of Belleview, Wash.), Wifi protocols, RFID protocols, cellulartelephone protocols, UDP broadcast protocols, TCP/IP broadcastprotocols, other broadcast protocols, internet protocols, etc.

Moreover, as described above, different triggers could be used totrigger different communication protocols and/or data processingalgorithms (e.g., optionally automatically when the module is snappedinto certain shoes: for running shoes—it may initiate a running profile,for training shoes—it may initiate a gym/workout profile, for basketballshoes—it may sense vertical leap, etc.). Additionally or alternatively,if desired, different communication protocols and/or data processingalgorithms may be triggered depending, for example, on the type ofactivity being sensed by the module (e.g., different communicationprotocols and/or data processing algorithms can be triggered based oncertain detected types of motions or activity: running versus spinning,running outdoors versus on a treadmill, running versus jumping, etc.).As still another example, the location of use (e.g., based on datareceived via wireless communication with the module from a remotesource) could trigger different communication protocols and/or dataprocessing algorithms (e.g., when a user walks into his/her gym, thesystem may communicate on one type of communication protocol and/or useone data processing algorithm, but when they walk into a retail store,it may communicate on another communication protocol and/or use anotherdata processing algorithm, and/or when they run outdoors, it maycommunicate on yet another communication protocol and/or use anotherdata processing algorithm, etc.).

As still additional examples, if desired, the electronic module may beused to communicate with (e.g., provide data or information to and/orreceive data and information from) other peer devices (e.g., other usersof footwear including electronic modules of the types described above),either directly in a peer-to-peer manner and/or through anotherintermediate or remote device (e.g., a remote device 314 with whichplural modules communicate). This feature may allow one athlete or otheruser (such as a coach, trainer, etc.) to track the progress of others,provide information to others, etc.

E. Other Devices and/or Features

The above description focuses primarily on articles of footwear thatinclude one or more housings or other structures integrally formedtherewith for holding an electronic module, e.g., for sensing one ormore characteristics of an athletic performance, for measuring one ormore physical or physiological parameters associated with use of thearticle of footwear, etc. Not all aspects of this invention relate tofootwear integrated systems. FIG. 27 illustrates an example system 2700including a “universal” housing member 2702 to which an electronicmodule 2704 may be mounted. The electronic module 2704 may provideand/or receive any desired type of information, including the varioustypes of information described above. Moreover, the universal housingmember 2702 may provide any desired functionality and/or structures,including, for example, the various functions and structures describedfor inclusion in the various housings and/or footwear structuresdescribed above. In this illustrated example, the housing member 2702includes a power source 2706 (e.g., a battery) that can provide power toany components in the housing member 2702 (such as a datatransmission/reception system 2708 (e.g., antenna,transmission/reception components, etc.), as well as power to anyelectronic components provided in the electronic module 2704 (e.g., viaelectrical contact member 2710 between the housing 2702 and the module2704), if desired. Also, the universal housing member 2702 may includedata processing capabilities and/or data processing capabilities may beprovided on board the electronic module 2704. In this illustratedexample structure 2700, data for transmission to a remote device istransmitted from the electronic module 2704 to the datatransmission/reception system 2708 via an electrical contact 2712between the module 2704 and the housing member 2702.

While any desired manner of connecting the electronic module 2704 withthe housing member 2702 may be provided without departing from thisinvention, in this illustrated example, the housing member 2702 includesspring-loaded ball elements 2714 that extend around the perimeter of andsomewhat into the opening 2716 into which the module 2704 is mounted.The module 2704, on the other hand, includes small recesses or detents2718 into which the ball elements 2714 extend under the spring biasingforce. Such engagement mechanisms are commercially available. In thismanner, the module 2704 can be snapped into place by pushing it into theopening 2716, which forces the balls 2714 back against the spring forceuntil they align with the corresponding recesses 2718. One or morerelease buttons 2720 may be provided to relax the spring force andenable the module to be easily slid back out of the opening 2716. Ifdesired, electrical contact also could be made between the housing 2702and the module 2704 at these ball 2714 and receptacle 2718 structures(or via other present securing structures), rather than providingseparate contact areas 2710 and 2712.

Of course, any desired manner of engaging and securing the module and auniversal housing, making electrical contact between the module andhousing (if necessary), providing activation and/or authenticationinformation, and/or releasing the module from the housing may be usedwithout departing from this invention, including any of the varioussystems and methods described above with respect to the footwear basedsystems.

Also, any desired manner of connecting the universal housing 2700 toanother object may be used, if desired, without departing from thisinvention. The illustrated example structure 2700 includes pluralengagement openings 2722 that enable the housing 2700 to be releasablyattached to a relatively long, thin element, like a shoelace 2724, astrap provided on an upper member of a shoe 2726 (e.g., on its tongue,instep, sides, sole, etc.) or other device, or a belt or other strapmember 2804 (see FIG. 28). As additional or alternative examples, ifdesired, the universal housing 2700 may include a clamp or clip member(e.g., optionally spring biased) integrally formed therewith and/orengaged therewith, to allow it to be easily attached to another object(akin to carrying and securing members for cellular telephones and thelike); it may include a hook-and-loop fastener or other mechanicalfastener arrangement; it may be attached to another object by anadhesive; etc. Other holding and/or securing systems also may be usedwithout departing from the invention, such as straps or other systemsfor carrying and handling electronic devices that are known and used inthe art.

FIG. 28 illustrates another example structure 2800, as noted above, inwhich a universal housing member 2802, including a housing device 2806and an electronic module 2808 are mounted to a strap member 2804. Inthis example structure 2800, the module 2808 is secured to the housingdevice 2806 using a cover element 2810. If desired, the cover element2810 may be relatively transparent, e.g., to allow users to view themodule 2808, should the module include any type of video or alphanumericdisplay 2812. The cover element 2810 may be secured, e.g., to thehousing device 2806 and/or the module 2808, in a wide variety ofdifferent manners, including, for example, the manner in which coversfor battery compartments are held in place in conventional electronicdevices, such as games, cameras, video or audio recorders, or the like.Of course, a wide variety of systems may be used to hold the module 2808in the housing 2806, including any of the various types of systemsdescribed above (e.g., cover element 2810 may be provided simply toprotect display 2812). Additionally, the housing member 2802 may beengaged with the band 2804 in any desired manner, including, forexample, the manners in which watches or other wrist-borne elements areformed or engaged with their corresponding bands. Additionally, anydesired type of band 2804 may be used, with any desired type(s) ofsecuring structures, such as stretchable bands, bands with bucklesystems, bands with hook-and-loop fastener systems 2814, etc. The band2804 may be used to attach the overall system 2800 to any desiredobject, such as a wearer's arm, ankle, or neck; a shoe or article ofclothing; a piece of athletic equipment; another piece of equipment(e.g., something carried by the athlete); etc.

Still other examples of systems including electronic modules of thetypes described above (e.g., for sensing one or more characteristics ofan athletic performance, for sensing one or more physical orphysiological parameter(s), etc.) are possible without departing fromthe invention. For example, rather than including the module as part ofa pair of shoes, it may be included in and/or mounted on a pair of socksor other foot-receiving devices (optionally using a universal housingmember of the types described above). For socks, the module (optionallywith one of the universal housing members described above) may bemounted in a pocket provided, for example, in the lateral or medialankle side of the sock, along the top, foot-receiving opening of thesock, etc. Other host devices for carrying the module (optionally withone of the universal housing members described above) also are possible.

III. CONCLUSION

While the invention has been described with respect to specific examplesincluding presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variationsand permutations of the above described systems and methods. For examplevarious aspects of the invention may be used in different combinationsand various different subcombinations of aspects of the invention may beused together in a single system or method without departing from theinvention. Also, various method steps described above may be changed,changed in order, omitted, and/or additional steps may be added withoutdeparting from this invention. Thus, the invention should be construedbroadly as set forth in the appended claims.

1. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper member at leastpartially defining a foot-receiving chamber; a sole structure engagedwith the upper member; and a housing for releasably receiving anelectronic module, the housing being located between a midsole memberand an outsole member of the sole structure thereby forming a portion ofthe sole structure, wherein the housing defines a receptacle, wherein anelectronic module receiving chamber of the receptacle is asymmetrical inat least one respect, and wherein the housing is further located betweenimpact-attenuating column structures included as part of the solestructure.
 2. An article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein thehousing forms a portion of the midsole member of the sole structure. 3.An article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the housing isformed in a heel portion of the sole structure.
 4. An article offootwear according to claim 1, wherein the electronic module receivingchamber is accessible from outside of the foot-receiving chamber.
 5. Anarticle of footwear according to claim 1, further comprising: anelectronic module releasably engaged at least partially within thehousing.
 6. An article of footwear according to claim 5, wherein theelectronic module provides data relating to at least one physical orphysiological parameter associated with use of the article of footwear.7. An article of footwear according to claim 6, wherein the electronicmodule provides data relating to at least one of location, movementspeed, or movement distance associated with use of the article offootwear.
 8. An article of footwear according to claim 6, wherein theelectronic module is a speed and distance sensor.
 9. An article offootwear according to claim 5, further comprising: a system for securingthe electronic module with the housing.
 10. An article of footwearaccording to claim 9, wherein the system includes a cover elementengaged with at least one of an impact-attenuating member and thehousing, and wherein the cover element extends across the receptacle.11. An article of footwear according to claim 9, wherein the systemincludes a retaining device engaged with at least one of animpact-attenuating member and the housing that extends at leastpartially across the receptacle.
 12. An article of footwear according toclaim 9, wherein the system includes a fastener for holding the modulein place with respect to the housing.
 13. An article of footwearaccording to claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the system directlyengages the electronic module.
 14. An article of footwear according toclaim 9, wherein the system includes a member that extends into arecess, opening, or groove defined in the electronic module.
 15. Anarticle of footwear according to claim 1, further comprising: an antennasystem engaged with at least one of the upper member or the solestructure.
 16. An article of footwear according to claim 15, furthercomprising: an electronic module engaged at least partially within thehousing and operatively coupled with the antenna system.
 17. An articleof footwear according to claim 1, further comprising: a power sourceengaged with at least one of the upper member or the sole structure. 18.An article of footwear according to claim 17, wherein the power sourceincludes an electrical contact or terminal located at or engaged withthe housing.
 19. An article of footwear according to claim 17, furthercomprising: an electronic module engaged at least partially within thehousing and in electrical communication with the power source.
 20. Anarticle of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the housing is locatedat a medial posting location in the article of footwear.
 21. An articleof footwear comprising: an upper member at least partially defining afoot-receiving chamber; a sole structure engaged with the upper member;a housing for releasably receiving an electronic module, the housingforming a portion of at least one of the upper member or the solestructure, wherein the housing defines a receptacle, and wherein anelectronic module receiving chamber of the receptacle is asymmetrical inat least one respect; and an antenna system engaged with at least one ofthe upper member and the sole structure, and wherein the antenna systemextends from the housing.
 22. A physical or physiological parametersensing system, comprising: an article of footwear, including: (a) anupper member at least partially defining a foot-receiving chamber, (b) asole structure engaged with the upper member, and (c) a housing forreleasably receiving an electronic module, the housing forming a portionof at least one of the upper member or the sole structure, wherein thehousing defines a receptacle, and wherein an electronic module receivingchamber of the receptacle is asymmetrical in at least one respect; anelectronic module provided in the housing, wherein the electronic moduleprovides data relating to at least one physical or physiologicalparameter associated with use of the article of footwear; and atransmission system operatively coupled to the electronic module fortransmitting data relating to the physical or physiological parameterassociated with use of the article of footwear, the transmission systemincluding an antenna for wireless transmission and wherein at least aportion of the transmission system is engaged with or formed as part ofthe upper member.
 23. A physical or physiological sensing systemaccording to claim 22, wherein at least another portion of thetransmission system is engaged with or formed as part of the solestructure.
 24. A physical or physiological sensing system according toclaim 22, wherein at least a portion of the antenna is engaged with orformed as part of the electronic module.
 25. A physical or physiologicalsensing system according to claim 22, further comprising: a displaydevice for displaying information relating to the physical orphysiological parameter.
 26. A physical or physiological sensing systemaccording to claim 22, further comprising: a processing system forreceiving the data relating to the physical or physiological parameterassociated with use of the article of footwear.
 27. A physical orphysiological sensing system according to claim 26, further comprising:a display device for receiving information from the processing systemand displaying information relating to the physical or physiologicalparameter.
 28. A physical or physiological sensing system according toclaim 22, wherein the electronic module provides data relating to atleast one of location, movement speed, or movement distance associatedwith use of the article of footwear.
 29. A physical or physiologicalsensing system according to claim 28, wherein the electronic module is aspeed and distance sensor.
 30. A physical or physiological sensingsystem according to claim 22, further comprising: a power sourceoperatively connected to at least partially power the electronic module.31. A physical or physiological sensing system according to claim 30,wherein the power source is engaged with the article of footwear andincludes an electrical contact or terminal located at or engaged withthe housing.
 32. A physical or physiological sensing system according toclaim 30, wherein the power source is included as part of the electronicmodule.
 33. A physical or physiological sensing system according toclaim 22, wherein the receptacle includes a pocket member.
 34. A pair ofshoes, comprising: a first shoe including: (a) a first upper member atleast partially defining a first foot-receiving chamber, (b) a firstsole structure engaged with the first upper member, and (c) a firsthousing for releasably receiving an electronic module, the first housingforming a portion of at least one of the first upper member or the firstsole structure, wherein the first housing defines a first receptacle,and wherein an electronic module receiving chamber of the firstreceptacle is asymmetrical in at least one respect; and a second shoeincluding: (a) a second upper member at least partially defining asecond foot-receiving chamber, and (b) a second sole structure engagedwith the second upper member, wherein the second shoe does not includean electronic module receiving chamber.
 35. A pair of shoes according toclaim 34, further comprising: a first fill element provided in the firsthousing to at least partially fill the first receptacle.
 36. A pair ofshoes according to claim 34, further comprising: a first electronicmodule provided in the first housing.
 37. A pair of shoes, comprising: afirst shoe including: (a) a first upper member at least partiallydefining a first foot-receiving chamber, (b) a first sole structureengaged with the first upper member, and (c) a first housing forreleasably receiving an electronic module, the first housing forming aportion of at least one of the first upper member or the first solestructure, wherein the first housing defines a first receptacle, andwherein an electronic module receiving chamber of the first receptacleis asymmetrical in at least one respect; a first electronic moduleprovided in the first housing; and a second shoe including: (a) a secondupper member at least partially defining a second foot-receivingchamber, and (b) a second sole structure engaged with the second uppermember, wherein the second shoe further includes a second housing forreleasably receiving an electronic module, the second housing forming aportion of at least one of the second upper member or the second solestructure, wherein the second housing defines a second receptacle, andwherein an electronic module receiving chamber of the second receptacleis asymmetrical in at least one respect, and wherein the first fillelement includes a foam material.
 38. A pair of shoes according to claim37, wherein the first electronic module provides data relating to afirst physical or physiological parameter and a second electronicmodule, provided in the second housing, provides data relating to asecond physical or physiological parameter that differs from the firstphysical or physiological parameter.
 39. An article of footwear,comprising: an upper member at least partially defining a foot-receivingchamber; a sole structure engaged with the upper member; and a housingfor releasably receiving an electronic module, the housing forming aportion of the sole structure, wherein the housing defines a receptacle,and wherein the housing is located between impact-attenuating columnstructures included as part of the sole structure.